| 词组 | start |
| 释义 | verb | noun start1 /stɑːt $ stɑːrt/ verb 1. to begin to do somethingGrammarStart can be followed by an infinitive or a participle in this meaning. You can say I started to run. Or you can say I started running.nounsstart work Members of the TV crew are expected to start work at 6 a.m.start a job/career I’ve recently started a job as a drama teacher.start a conversation/discussion/argument Jane tried to start a conversation with him.start a book/letter/speech He starts the letter with “Dear Ms Jones”.start a fire The fire was started by someone carelessly throwing a cigarette on the ground.start a journey It’s best to check the weather before starting your journey.start a war Russia has no intention of starting a war with Georgia.start a new life She was going to California to start a new life.adverbsstart immediately/straightaway They say they are ready to start work immediately.prepositionsstart by doing sth The artist starts by doing a quick pencil drawing.start with sth He starts with a brief introduction to the subject.start at/from sth Let’s start at the beginning.phrasesget started We had better get started soon.start (sth) from scratch (=start from the beginning, doing everything yourself) No one had done this kind of research before, and we had to start from scratch.THESAURUS: start begin to start to do something. Begin is more formal than start, and is used especially in written English: He began to speak. | The orchestra began playing. | The company wants to begin work on the project next summer. | They began their research in 2010.Start or begin?Start and begin are both used in the same meaning with many nouns. You can start work or begin work. You can start a conversation or begin a conversation. The only difference is that begin is more formal than start.With some words, you can only use start. You start an argument/war/fire. You do not use ‘begin’ with these words. commence formal to start to do something: The company will commence drilling next week. | Mozart commenced work on the opera while he was still in Salzburg.Commence is usually used with a participle, or with the word work. set off to start a journey: What time do you have to set off in the morning? | I usually set off for school at about 8.30. set out to start a long journey: The ship set out from Portsmouth on July 12th. | They set out for India. get down towork | business to finally start doing something, especially your work: It was 11 o’clock by the time we got down to some work. | Let’s get down to business. What experience do you have of this job? (=start talking about the main subject, or start doing the main thing that you need to do) take uppainting | writing | smoking | game | golf | photography | gardening to start doing something, especially for enjoyment: What inspired you to take up painting? | He took up writing as a hobby to pass the time. | Children often take up smoking because their friends smoke. | More and more women are taking up the game. | I took up golf four years ago. resumeduties | work | service | journey | talks | negotiations | trade to start doing something again after a break: We hope that he gets well soon and is able to resume his duties. | She plans to go back to New York and resume her work with the homeless. | Normal service will be resumed as soon as possible. | We got back in the car and resumed our journey. | Trade was resumed after the end of the war. launchcampaign | investigation | inquiry | programme | attack | offensive | appeal to start doing something: Local people launched a campaign to save the forest. | The company has launched an internal investigation into the allegations. | The government is planning to launch a programme to educate people about the disease. | They launched a series of attacks on the enemy. | The rebels launched an offensive on 30 October, seizing several towns and villages. | The defendant immediately launched an appeal against the judge’s decision. openinvestigation | inquiry | negotiations | talks | dialogue to start doing something, especially an investigation or negotiations: He called for the military police to open an investigation into the incident. | The authorities have opened an inquiry into the case. | The two governments agreed to open negotiations. | Previous attempts to open a dialogue on race issues have ended in failure (=start discussions with someone). enter intotalks | negotiations | discussion | dialogue | debate to start talking about something with another person or group. Enter into sounds rather formal: They refused to enter into negotiations with the terrorists. | This is not the place to enter into a detailed discussion of the issue. | The author has refused to enter into a public debate about the book. embark on career | programme | adventure | project | campaign | journey | tour | mission to start doing something, especially something new, difficult, or exciting: He is thinking of embarking on a career as a surgeon. | The government embarked on a major programme of economic reform. | The two boys embark on a series of adventures. | Obama was not so well known when he embarked on his campaign for the White House. | The singer is due to embark on a month long tour of the United States. | They knew they were embarking on a dangerous mission.2. to begin to happennounsa story/show/film/play starts Doors open at noon and the show starts at 2 p.m. | The story starts in Venice in the early 15th century.an event/performance starts The event starts on Saturday at the Los Angeles Convention Center.a meeting/party/class starts I found this out ten minutes before the meeting started.a game/competition starts Once the game starts, I forget about everything else.work starts Work had already started on the bridge when the error was spotted.a problem/the trouble starts Many health problems start in early life. a war/battle/fighting starts He was only 19 when the war started.the day/season/year etc starts The day starts with the great American breakfast – eggs, bacon, toast, and unlimited coffee.a course starts/school starts The course starts with an introduction to web page design.a sale starts The store’s autumn sale starts on Monday.adverbsstart well/badly The season started well for the team.phrasesbe due/scheduled to start (=be expected to start) The trial had been due to start on Monday.start on time/start late The class will start on time.start with a bang informal (=in a very exciting way) The novel starts with a bang.THESAURUS: start begin to start. Begin is more formal than start and is used especially in written English: The course begins in September. | Work on the tunnel will begin early next year. commence formal to start: The work is scheduled to commence in April. | Detailed planning has already commenced. | The results will be announced in the week commencing June 18th.Start, begin, or commence?Start and begin mean the same and are used with the same collocations. Start is more common in spoken English, and begin is more common in written English.Commence means the same as the other words, but is much more formal. It is used especially about things that have been officially arranged to start at a particular time. You do not use commence about informal events such as parties, or about problems and difficulties. resumetalks | discussions | negotiations | meeting | trial to start again after a break: The peace talks will resume next week. | The meeting resumed on January 27th. | The trial resumes on Monday. openshow | exhibition | film | movie | play | musical | trial | talks to start – used especially when something starts being shown to the public: The show will open to the public later this week. | A major exhibition of her work will open in New York in November. | The movie got very good reviews when it opened in the US. | The play opens Monday and is scheduled to close on March 20th. | Lloyd Webber’s new musical opened in London last week. | The trial opened in February last year. | Climate change talks opened in Japan in December.You can also use open when saying that a shop, bank, office, museum etc starts being available for people to use: The bank opens at nine o’clock. break outfire | blaze | fight | fighting | scuffles | violence | argument | war | disease to start – used especially about fires, fights, and diseases: A fire broke out in a chemical factory. | The blaze broke out on the second floor of the eight-storey building. | A fight breaks out and one man is hurt. | Scuffles broke out when riot police stopped a group of the protesters (=small fights started). | The latest violence broke out in January 2004, and more than 1,600 people have been killed. | An argument broke out and people started shouting at each other. | He was in the army when war broke out. | The disease broke out in the northern province of Yanggang and quickly spread to other parts of the country. kick off informalmatch | game | campaign | festival | celebration to start: The match kicks off at three o’clock. | The election campaign kicked off in July. | The theater festival kicks off next week. | The celebration kicks off at 7.30.The original meaning of kick off is to start a game in which you kick a ball. In informal English, this has spread to other situations in which you start doing something. get under waywork | construction | trial | campaign | voting | conference | season | preparations to start happening – used when something is likely to last for a long time, or you have been waiting a long time for something to start: Work will get under way on the new high-speed railway line. | The trial is expected to get under way some time next year. | The election campaign will get under way soon. | Voting got under way Sunday morning in Venezuela. | Registration will be at 9.30, with the conference getting under way at 2 p.m. | The home-buying season usually gets under way in spring. | Preparations for the event got under way last November.3. to make an organization start to existnounsstart a company/business Zuckerberg started the company when he was only 19.start a shop/store/bank The store was started more than 50 years ago by his parents.THESAURUS: start openshop | store | restaurant | hotel to start a business such as a shop or a restaurant, which provides services to the public: They opened an antique shop in the high street. | The company plans to open a big new store in Shanghai. | McDonald’s opened their first restaurant in 1955. | Doug’s dream is to open his own hotel. establishcompany | business | firm | society | organization | committee | commission | club | party | school | college to start an organization or an official group, especially one that is intended to be permanent or last a long time: The company was established in 1974. | The business was established over 50 years ago. | In 1874 James and his younger brother John established the firm. | The National Geographic Society was founded in 1888. | An organization was established to govern the sport. | A committee was established to prepare a new constitution. | The government established a commission to examine the problem of corruption. | The Democratic Party was established in 1832. | The school was established in the late 19th century.Establish is often used in the passive. foundcompany | firm | bank | society | club | party | university | college | school | museum | church to start an organization – used especially about an important organization that was started a long time ago. The person who founds the organization usually provides the money for it: The company was founded in 1919 by Charlie Chaplin and other Hollywood actors. | The Bank of New York was founded in 1784. | The National Geographic Society was founded in 1888. | The Alpine Club was founded in 1858. | St Andrews is Scotland’s oldest university and was founded in 1413. | Bentham was a philosopher and social reformer who founded University College, London. | He founded a school of philosophy in Rome. | The British Museum was founded by an act of Parliament in 1753. | The church was founded by Wenceslas II in 1285.Found is often used in the passive. set upcompany | business | firm | committee | commission to start an organization or an official group. Set up is more informal than establish or found: Barker set up the company only a year ago. | She plans to set up her own clothing business. | A committee was established to prepare a new constitution. | The government set up a committee to look into ways of reforming the system. formgroup | band | alliance | partnership | coalition | government | administration | party | company to start a group or organization, by working together with other people, groups, or countries: They decided to break away and form their own group. | Mick and Keith formed the band in the early 1960s. | Nasser formed a military alliance with Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Yemen. | The hospitals agreed to form a partnership, with a single chief executive. | Tomorrow morning we will know which party will form the next government. | The current administration was formed with the help of the UN two years ago. | They left the Republican Party and formed their own political party. | Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz formed a new company, which was called Novartis. verb | noun start2 /stɑːt $ stɑːrt/ noun the way or time that something beginsadjectivesa good/great etc start We had a nice breakfast, which was a good start to the day.a bad/poor/disastrous/terrible etc start The meeting got off to a bad start when two people turned up late.a slow start Work got off to a very slow start because of bad weather.an early/late start It was a long trip so we planned an early start.a promising start (=a good start that makes success seem likely) Her teacher says she’s made a promising start in learning Spanish.a flying start (=a very good start) Our season got off to a flying start with victories in our first three games.a disappointing start He accepted full responsibility for the club’s disappointing start to the season.a shaky start informal (=a rather bad start) After a shaky start when she seemed to forget her lines, she performed really well.a fresh start (=a completely new start in your life, your marriage etc, especially after you had problems in the past) He’s determined to make a fresh start when he comes out of prison.an auspicious/inauspicious start formal (=one that makes something good or bad seem likely to happen) The crisis is a very inauspicious start to his second term as president.verbsmake a good/bad etc start The team has made an excellent start to the season.get off to a good/bad etc start (=make a good, bad etc start) On your first day at work, you want to get off to a good start.have a good/bad start Hamilton had a bad start to the race, when he crashed into another car.start + nounsstart date/time We’re nearly ready to begin the project, so we’re looking at a start date in early May.phrasesat the start He seemed unsure of himself at the start, but soon became more confident.from the start She was the best player from the start, and won the match easily.phrasesfrom start to finish (=throughout an event, process etc) The minister’s involvement in the scandal affected his re-election campaign from start to finish.THESAURUS: start → beginning (1) |
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