| 词组 | harmful |
| 释义 | harmful /ˈhɑːmfəl $ ˈhɑːrm-/ adjective causing harmnounsa harmful effect We all know about the harmful effects of smoking, so why do so many people still smoke?a harmful side effect The drug appears to have no harmful side effects.harmful consequences She was unaware of the harmful consequences of her actions.a harmful substance The workers may have been exposed to harmful substances.harmful bacteria Cooking should kill any harmful bacteria.adverbsextremely harmful Smoking is extremely harmful to your health.potentially harmful (=could be harmful) Many natural foods are potentially harmful.positively harmful (=very harmful – often used when this is the opposite of what people expect) Hiding your true feelings can be positively harmful.prepositionsharmful to sb/sth These chemicals are harmful to the environment.THESAURUS: harmful be bad for sb/sthbusiness | trade | health | the economy | the environment | morale | reputation | image to have a harmful effect on someone or something. This phrase is very commonly used in everyday English when saying that something is harmful: All this rain is bad for business. | We all know that smoking is bad for your health. | Uncertainty about the future is always bad for morale (=it makes a group of people feel unhappy and less confident about their situation). | They are worried that the news will be bad for the company's image abroad. damaging used about things that cause permanent physical harm, or that have a bad effect in other ways, for example on people’s opinion of someone: Acid rain has a damaging effect on trees and the soil. | The allegations were very damaging to his career. | Constant criticism is damaging to a child’s self-esteem. detrimental formaleffect | impact causing harm or having a bad effect on something: Employers are worried that the new laws will have a detrimental effect on their business. | These chemicals are detrimental to the environment. | The government's policies have been detrimental to the interests of old people. negativeeffect | impact | influence a negative effect is one that is bad and causes problems: The car tax had a negative effect on car sales. | the negative impact of the recession in the US on the rest of the world economy hazardouswaste | material | substance | chemicals hazardous substances are likely to be dangerous to people’s health and safety: Hazardous waste needs to be disposed of safely. | The sign said ‘Danger - hazardous chemicals’. toxicwaste | chemicals | substance | material | fumes | gases | emissions toxic substances, smoke etc are dangerous to people's health: The factory was discharging toxic waste and crude oil into the sea. | Toxic chemicals spilled into the river. | The fire gave off toxic fumes. pernicious /pəˈnɪʃəs $ pər-/ formaleffect | influence | myth used about something that has a gradual bad effect which is not easy to notice, especially on people’s morals, or on their health: the pernicious effects of violent video games | the pernicious effect of secondhand smoke | They are worried about the pernicious influence of Hollywood films on their culture. |
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