fall /fɔːl/ (fell /fel/ , fallen /ˈfɔːlən/ ) ► SEE ALLfall about fall apartfall awayfall backfall back on sb/sthfall behindfall behind sb/sthfall behind with/in sthfall downfall down on sth fall for sb/sth fall for sth fall infall in with sb fall in with sth fall into sthfall offfall offfall off sthfall on sb/sthfall outfall overfall over sb/sthfall throughfall to sb (to do sth)fall to sthfall to doing sth fall under sthfall upon sb/sth●ˌfall aˈbout (BrE, informal) to laugh a lot捧腹大笑；开怀大笑◆We all fell about at her idea. 听了她的想法，我们都笑得前仰后合。◆He’s rude to the audience and yet they fall about laughing. 他对观众无礼，而观众却哄然大笑。[v + adv]●ˌfall aˈpart🔑1.to be old or in bad condition and break or break into pieces破旧；破碎◆If you buy cheap shoes, they’ll fall apart after a few months. 便宜的鞋子几个月就穿破了。◆My dictionary is falling apart now. 我的词典要散架了。SYNcome apart2.to have so many problems that it is no longer possible to exist or operate破裂；崩溃◆The whole country’s falling apart. 整个国家就要分裂了。◆After my marriage fell apart I moved away. 离婚后我搬走了。3. (informal) to have so many problems or worries that you can no longer think or behave normally精神崩溃◆I fell apart when she left. 她离开后我完全垮掉了。[v + adv] ●be falling apart at the ˈseamsto have a lot of problems and be starting to fail即将失败；濒临崩溃●ˌfall aˈway1.(from sth)to break off or separate from a surface剥落；掉落◆The plaster was falling away in big chunks. 灰泥大块大块地剥落。2. (of land, a road, etc.地面、道路等) to slope down下陡坡◆The ground falls away abruptly to the right. 右边的地势陡降。3.to gradually disappear逐渐消失；逐渐消散◆Gradually, all his cares and worries fell away. 久而久之，他的忧愁烦恼全都烟消云散了。◆When things got difficult, his supporters all fell away. 面临困境时，他的支持者都先后离他而去。➡ note at dwindle away4. (especially BrE) to get less or smaller减少；缩小◆The number of applicants has fallen away sharply. 申请人数锐减。➡ see also fall off[v + adv]●ˌfall ˈback1.to fail to stay with people at the front in a race（赛跑）落后◆Betts had been leading, but fell back with ten laps to go. 贝茨原本一路领先，可还剩 10 圈时却落在后面了。SYNdrop back2.to move or turn back away from sth or sb后退；撤退◆When the troops moved forward, the crowd fell back. 部队向前移动，众人纷纷后退。SYNretreat (more formal) 3. (BrE, finance金融) to decrease in value or amount（价值）下降；（数量）减少◆Prices rose by more than 10% before falling back slightly. 价格上涨超过 10% 后略有回落。[v + adv]●ˌfall ˈback on sb/sth ( ˌfall ˈback upon sb/sthmore formal) to use sb/sth when the situation is difficult or other people/things have failed求助于；借助于；转而依靠◆It’s very hard if you have no family to fall back on. 没有家人可依靠的话，生活会十分艰难。◆He could always fall back on his old jokes. 他总会搬出他那些老掉牙的笑话。[v + adv + prep]▸ˈfallback
noun
a plan or course of action that you can use if sth else fails应变计划；退路◆a fallback position 应变方案●ˌfall beˈhind●ˌfall beˈhind sb/sthto fail to stay with other people or things, especially in a race or competition落后；落在…后面◆I fell further and further behind. 我落得越来越远。◆The industry is falling behind the rest of Europe. 这个行业逐渐落在欧洲其他国家之后。◆He fell behind the rest of the class. 他落在班里其他同学后面。SYNdrop behind, drop behind sb/sth➡ see also fall back (1)[v + adv][v + prep]●ˌfall beˈhind with/in sthto not do sth or pay sth at the right time拖欠（付款）；没有及时做◆She fell behind with the rent. 她拖欠了租金。◆He began falling behind in his schoolwork. 他开始不按时做作业了。OBJpayments, school work[v + adv + prep]●ˌfall ˈdown🔑1.to suddenly stop standing突然倒下；坍塌◆I thought the whole house was falling down. 我以为整个房子要塌了。◆Her legs were so weak that she fell down on her knees. 她双腿虚弱难支，突然跪倒在地。➡ SYNONYMS 同义词辨析fall down cave in ◇ collapse ◇ fall down ◇ fall over ◇ topple over These verbs are all used to talk about buildings and other structures falling to the ground.这些动词都表示倒塌、坍塌、倒下。 cave in (of a roof, wall, etc.) to fall down and towards the centre（房顶、墙壁等）塌落，塌陷，坍塌The ceiling suddenly caved in on top of them.天花板突然塌下来，砸到他们头上。 collapse (of a building, etc.) to fall down or fall in suddenly, often after breaking apart（建筑物等）突然倒塌，坍塌The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.屋顶被雪压塌了。 fall down to suddenly stop standing突然倒下；坍塌The house looked as if it was about to fall down.房子看上去要倒塌了。 fall over to become unsteady and fall down摔倒；倒下I thought I was going to fall over.我以为我要跌倒了。The chair had fallen over.椅子倒了。 topple over to become unsteady and fall down倒塌；倒下The pile of books toppled over.那摞书倒了。 WHICH WORD? Only fall down and collapse can be used to talk about whole buildings. Cave in is used with parts of buildings, and fall over and topple over are used to talk about other structures.只有 fall down 和 collapse 可指整幢建筑物。cave in 用于指建筑物的某个部分，而 fall over 和 topple over 用于指其他结构体。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONSa building / house falls down / collapsesa roof / wall / ceiling collapses / caves into completely / suddenly collapseto be about to fall down / fall over / collapse / cave in / topple over2.to drop to the ground落下；垂到地面◆His trousers were falling down. 他的裤脚拖到了地面。◆A lump of the ceiling fell down. 天花板掉下了一小块。3.be falling down (only used in the progressive tenses只用于进行时) (of a building建筑物) to be in extremely bad condition破烂不堪◆It’s a beautiful house but it’s falling down. 房子十分漂亮，但摇摇欲坠。4. (of an idea, an argument, a method, etc.想法、论点、方法等) to be shown to be not true or not good enough站不住脚；说不通；不适用◆That’s where the theory falls down. 这就是该理论不能自圆其说之处。[v + adv]▸ˈdownfall
noun
the loss of sb’s power, position, money, etc.; the thing that causes this衰落；衰败；垮台；衰落（或衰败、垮台）的原因●ˌfall ˈdown on sth (BrE, informal) to fail to do sth correctly or successfully没有把…做好；把…搞糟◆The suggestion was that he was falling down on the job. 言外之意是他活儿干得不好。OBJjob[v + adv + prep]●ˈfall for sb/sth (informal) to be attracted to sb/sth; to fall in love with sb/sth倾心于；迷恋◆He fell for a young student. 他爱上了一个年轻学生。◆We fell for the farmhouse as soon as we saw it. 我们对那幢农舍一见倾心。[v + prep]●ˈfall for sth (informal) to be tricked into believing sth is true when it is not对…信以为真◆You didn’t fall for that old trick, did you? 你没被那个老花招迷惑住吧？[v + prep]●ˌfall ˈin1.if a roof or a ceiling falls in, it drops to the ground（顶部或天花板）塌落，坍塌◆The roof of the cave fell in. 洞顶塌了。2. (of soldiers士兵) to move into a line列队；集合OPPfall out[v + adv]●ˌfall ˈin with sb (informal) to join sb; to become involved with sb加入；开始与…有牵连◆She fell in with a bad crowd. 她结交了一帮坏人。[v + adv + prep]●ˌfall ˈin with sth (BrE) to agree to or support a plan or an idea, especially when you do not really want to（尤指勉强地）同意，赞同◆He always expects me to fall in with his plans. 他总以为我会赞成他的计划。OBJplans SYNgo along with sb/sth[v + adv + prep]●ˌfall ˈinto sth1.to begin to be in a particular state进入（某种状态）◆He fell into a deep sleep. 他沉睡过去。◆The tramway fell into disuse in the 1920s. 20 世纪 20 年代，有轨电车被弃用。◆We mustn’t fall into this error (= make this mistake). 我们绝不能犯这个错。◆He’s fallen into arrears with the rent (= he is late in paying it). 他拖欠了租金。OBJdisuse, disrepair2.to begin to do sth or become involved in sth开始做；参与◆I fell into the habit of having a nap after dinner. 我养成了晚饭后小睡的习惯。◆She fell into conversation with her neighbour. 她和邻居聊上了。OBJthe habit of…, conversation3.to be able to be divided into sth可分成◆Computer viruses fall into three broad categories. 计算机病毒可分为三大类。OBJtwo groups, three categories, etc.4.to belong to a particular group or class属于（某团体或类别）◆Only 25% of people fall into this group. 只有 25% 的人属于该群体。OBJcategory, group, class, etc.[v + prep]●ˌfall ˈoffto decrease in quantity or quality（数量）减少；（质量）下降◆Attendance has fallen off recently. 最近出席人数下滑。◆The standard of cooking fell off when the old chef left. 原来的厨师离开后，烹饪水平下降了。SYNdrop off ➡ see also fall away (4) ➡ note at dwindle away[v + adv]▸ˈfall-off (BrE alsoˈfalling-offless frequent) (in/of sth)
noun
[singular] a decrease in the quality of sth（质量的）下降◆a fall-off in attendance / interest / sales 出席人数／兴趣／销量的减少●ˌfall ˈoff🔑●ˌfall ˈoff sth🔑if sth falls off or falls off sth, it becomes separated from the thing it is joined to（从…）掉下，掉落◆The door handle has fallen off. 门把手脱落了。◆Put the picture up properly—we don’t want it to fall off the wall. 把画挂好——我们可不想它从墙上掉下来。[v + adv][v + prep]●ˈfall on sb/sth ( ˈfall upon sb/sthmore formal) (especially BrE) 1.to be the responsibility or duty of a particular person or organization（责任或职责）落在…身上，由…承担◆Most of the cost fell on us. 大部分费用由我们负担。◆When he died, the responsibility of the business fell on his son. 他去世以后，企业由他儿子负责管理。2.if your eyes fall on sb/sth, you suddenly see or notice them/it（视线）落在…上◆My eye fell on a letter she had left on the table. 我突然看见她留在桌上的一封信。3.to attack sb/sth with energy or enthusiasm扑向；袭击；向…进攻◆The children fell on the food with cries of delight. 孩子们欢叫着扑向食物。◆ (figurative) He fell on the drawings and examined them closely. 他扑向那些画，端详起来。OBJfood[v + prep]●ˌfall ˈout🔑1. (of hair, teeth, etc.毛发、牙齿等) to become loose and drop out掉落；脱落◆The chemotherapy made her hair fall out. 化疗使她脱发了。2.(with sb) (over/about sth) (especially BrE) to have an argument with sb and stop being friendly with them（与某人）（为某事）吵架，闹翻◆It’s not worth falling out about this. 为这事争吵不值得。◆Why have you fallen out with him? 你为什么和他吵翻了？◆They fell out over their father’s will. 他们为父亲的遗嘱吵了起来。3. (of soldiers士兵) to move out of lines解散；掉队OPPfall in[v + adv]▸ˌfalling-ˈout
noun
[singular] (especially BrE) an argument or disagreement吵架；闹翻◆We’ve had a bit of a falling-out. 我们拌了几句嘴。▸ˈfallout
noun
[uncountable]1.dangerous (radioactive) dust that is in the air after a nuclear explosion or accident（核爆炸或核事故发生后产生的）放射性坠尘2.the bad results of a situation恶果；余波◆the current crisis and its political fallout 当前危机及其政治影响●ˌfall ˈover🔑1.to be unable to stay standing and fall to the ground摔倒；倒下◆ (especially BrE) He lost his balance and fell over. 他没站稳，摔倒了。◆His bike fell over. 他的自行车倒了。➡ note at fall down2. (of a computer or program计算机或程序) to stop working suddenly（突然）出故障，不运转◆My spreadsheet keeps falling over. 我的电子制表软件不断出故障。SYNcrash[v + adv]●ˌfall ˈover sb/sthto hit sb/sth with your foot when you are walking or running and fall or almost fall（几乎）被…绊倒◆Mind you don’t fall over the boxes. 小心别让箱子绊倒。SYNtrip over sb/sth[v + prep] ●ˌfall ˈover yourself to do sth (informal) to be very keen to do sth渴望；迫不及待◆Recording companies were falling over themselves to sign the band. 唱片公司竞相和这支乐队签约。●ˌfall ˈthroughto fail to be completed; to not happen落空；失败；化为泡影◆Our travel plans have fallen through. 我们的旅行计划泡汤了。◆The deal fell through. 交易告吹了。SUBJdeal[v + adv]●ˈfall to sb (to do sth)to become the duty or responsibility of a particular person（职责或责任）落在…身上，由…承担◆The task of telling them the news fell to me. 把这件事通知他们的差事落到了我头上。◆It falls to the police to ensure that demonstrations are well organized. 警方负责保证示威活动有序进行。[v + prep]●ˈfall to sth●ˈfall to doing sth (literary) to start doing sth开始做；干起来◆Little Red Riding Hood and the wolf fell to talking. 小红帽和大灰狼交谈起来。◆They fell to it with gusto. 他们兴致勃勃地干了起来。[v + prep]●ˈfall under sth1.to belong to or be included in a particular group of things属于；归入…之中◆What heading do these items fall under? 这些项目列入哪个类别？OBJheading2.to begin to be controlled or influenced by sb/sth开始受到…控制（或影响）◆I realized I was falling under her spell. 我意识到自己被她迷住了。◆The education system fell under the control of the church. 教育体系受教会控制。OBJspell[v + prep]●ˈfall upon sb/sth➡fall on sb/sth
