cut /kʌt/ (cutting, cut, cut) ► SEE ALLcut across sthcut awaycut sth away (from sth)cut back (on sth)cut sth backcut down (on sth)cut sb down cut sb/sth down cut sth downcut incut sb in (on sth) cut into sthcut sb offcut sb/sth offcut sth offcut sth offcut sth off sthcut yourself off (from sb/sth)cut outcut outcut out of sth cut sb outcut sb out of sthcut sth outcut sth outcut sth out of sthbe cut out for sthbe cut out to do/be sth cut through sthcut sth through sthcut up cut sb up cut sb/sth up cut sth up●ˌcut aˈcross sth1. ( ˌcut ˈthrough sth) to take a short route (a short cut) across a place instead of going around it抄近路穿过；径直通过◆We’ll get there quicker if we cut across the fields. 我们走小路穿过田地到那里会快一点。2.to affect or be true for people in different groups that usually remain separate影响，适用于（不同群体）◆Opposition to the proposal cuts across party boundaries. 对提案的反对超越了党派界限。OBJboundary, division[v + prep]●ˌcut aˈwayif a television programme or a film/movie cuts away, it shows sth different from what was shown before（电视节目或影片的画面）切换◆We cut away to a building site, where Carter is searching through the rubble. 我们将镜头切换到一个建筑工地，卡特正在瓦砾中搜寻。[v + adv]▸ˈcutaway
noun
◆There was a cutaway to Jackson’s guest on the podium. 画面切换到了讲台上杰克逊邀请的嘉宾。●ˌcut sth aˈway (from sth)to remove sth by cutting with a knife or a sharp tool（从…）切除，割掉，剪去◆Cut away any dead branches. 把枯枝全砍掉。[v + adv + n][v + n/pron + adv]▸ˈcutaway
noun
a model or diagram with some outside parts left out, in order to show what the inside looks like剖面图●ˌcut ˈback (on sth)🔑1.to reduce sth such as the amount sb spends or produces减少，缩减（开支或生产）◆The recession means that everyone is cutting back. 经济衰退意味着每个人都在削减开销。◆We’ve had to cut back on staff to save money. 为了省钱，我们必须裁员。2. (especially NAmE) to eat, drink or use less of a particular thing, usually for your health（通常为健康原因）节制，减少（饮食等）◆I smoke too much. I must cut back. 我抽烟太多，必须加以控制了。◆The doctor’s told me to cut back on red meat. 医生建议我少吃红肉。➡ see also cut sth back (1), cut down[v + adv]▸ˈcutback(in sth)
noun
[usually plural] a reduction in sth减少；缩减◆cutbacks in public spending 公共开支的削减●ˌcut sth ˈback🔑1.to reduce sth a lot（大幅）降低，缩减◆Government funding is being cut back. 政府拨款正在削减。◆We have agreed to cut back CFC emissions by 2020. 我们同意 2020 年前大幅降低氯氟烃的排放。OBJproduction, spending, pollution SYNpare sth down(to sth), pare sth back(to sth)NOTEOften used in the passive.常用于被动语态。➡ SYNONYMS 同义词辨析cut sth back axe sth ◇ cut sth back ◇ cut sth down ◇ scale sth back ◇ scale sth down ◇ slash sth These verbs all mean to reduce sth, especially an amount of money or the size of a business. 这些动词都表示削减、降低、减少，尤指金额或企业规模。See alsobring sth down. axe sth (BrE) (NAmE usuallyax) [often passive] (used especially in newspapers) to get rid of a service, jobs, etc. in order to save money（尤用于报章）取消，削减，裁减（机构、岗位等）Unprofitable services are to be axed next year.不盈利的部门明年将被砍掉。250 staff were axed as part of the shake-up.作为改组的一部分内容，250 名员工被解聘。 cut sth back to reduce sth, especially an amount of money or business缩减，降低（尤指金额或业务）We'll have to cut back production.我们得减产。 NOTECut can be used on its own * cut 可单独使用His salary has been cut by 10%.他被减薪 10%。 It is also possible to use cut back on sth也可说 cut back on sthWe are trying to cut back on spending.我们正想方设法削减开支。▸ cutback
noun
[usually plural]cutbacks in public spending公共开支的削减 cut sth down to reduce the size, amount or number of sth削减，降低（规模、数量或数目）We need to cut the article down to 1 000 words.我们需要将文章删减至 1 000 字。 NOTE It is also possible to use cut down on sth也可说 cut down on sthThe doctor told him to cut down on his drinking.医生嘱咐他少喝酒。 scale sth back (especially NAmE orbusiness商业) to reduce sth, especially an amount of money or the size of a business缩减，降低（尤指金额或企业规模）The IMF has scaled back its growth forecasts.国际货币基金组织已调低了其经济增长预期。 scale sth down to reduce the number, size or extent of sth缩减，降低（数目、规模或幅度）We are thinking of scaling down our training programmes next year.我们正考虑明年压缩培训项目。 slash sth [often passive] (used especially in newspapers) to reduce sth by a large amount（尤用于报章）大幅削减，大大降低The workforce has been slashed.职工总数遭大幅裁减。 WHICH WORD? Cut is the most general of these verbs. Cut back and scale back are both used especially to talk about money or business. Cut down and scale down are both more general and are used more for talking about things other than money or business.这些动词中，cut 含义最宽泛。cut back 和 scale back 尤用于指金钱或业务上的缩减。cut down 和 scale down 含义较宽泛，多用于指金钱或业务之外事物的缩减。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONSto cut sth / cut sth back / cut sth down / scale sth down from… / to… / by…to cut sth (back) / cut sth down / scale sth down considerably / significantly / drasticallyto cut / slash / cut back on / cut down on / scale back spending / productionto cut / slash / cut back / axe jobsto cut / slash costs / prices / taxes / the budget2.to reduce the size of a plant, a bush, etc. by cutting parts off修剪；截短◆That rose bush needs cutting back a lot. 那丛玫瑰需要修剪掉很多。OBJbush, tree SYNprune sth[v + adv + n][v + pron + adv][v + n + adv] (less frequent) ●ˌcut ˈdown (on sth)🔑1.to reduce the amount or quantity of sth削减，降低（…的数量）◆Recycling cuts down on waste. 废品回收能减少浪费。◆I’ve spent too much already this month—I’ll have to cut down a bit (= spend less money). 我这个月开销已经太大——我得省着点花钱了。2.to use or buy less of sth少用；少买◆The doctor’s told me to cut down on fatty foods. 医生建议我少吃高脂肪食物。◆I haven’t stopped smoking, but I’ve cut down to five a day. 我还没戒烟，可已经减少到每天抽五支。➡ see also cut sth down (1), cut back[v + adv]●ˌcut sb ˈdown (formal, BrE) to kill sb致…死亡；令…殒命◆He was cut down by pneumonia at an early age. 他因肺炎早逝。NOTEOften used in the passive.常用于被动语态。[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]●ˌcut sb/sth ˈdown (NAmE, informal) to make sb feel or look stupid, especially in front of other people使当众出丑；使出洋相；使丢人现眼◆He always cuts her down in front of his friends. 他总是在他的朋友面前让她难堪。◆She’s always cutting down my lifestyle. 她动不动就嘲笑我的生活方式。SYNput sb down[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n] ●cut sb down to ˈsizeto show sb that they are not as important as they think they are让某人有自知之明▸ˈcutdown (NAmE) (BrEˈput-down)
noun
(informal) a remark or criticism that is intended to make sb feel or look stupid令人难堪的话；噎人的话●ˌcut sth ˈdown1.to reduce the amount or quantity of sth削减，降低（数量）◆Measures were introduced to cut down the number of road accidents involving children. 已采取措施减少涉及儿童的交通事故的发生。◆The policy aims at cutting down exhaust emissions. 这项政策旨在控制废气排放。OBJnumber, costs, amount SYNreduce sth (more formal) NOTECut sth can also be used on its own. Cut sth, not cut sth down is used for reducing the cost or the price of sth * cut sth 也可单独使用。降低成本或价格用 cut sth，而非 cut sth down◆Petrol / gas prices have been cut. 燃油／煤气降价了。➡ see also cut down, cut sth back (1) ➡ note at cut sth back2.to make a tree, etc. fall down by cutting it at the base（自根部）砍倒◆Every time we cut a tree down, we plant a new one. 我们每砍伐一棵树，就补种一棵新的。OBJtree SYNchop sth down, fell sth (more formal) 3.to reduce the length of sth削减（…的长度）；缩短◆Please cut your article down to 1 000 words. 请把你的文章删节到 1 000 字。SYNshorten sth (more formal) NOTECut sth can also be used on its own with this meaning. * cut sth 单独使用也可作此义。[v + adv + n][v + n/pron + adv]●ˌcut ˈin1.(on sb/sth)to interrupt sb/sth打断（某人讲话或谈话）◆‘Listen to me!’ she cut in impatiently. “听我说！”她不耐烦地插嘴道。SYNinterrupt(sb/sth)➡ see also cut into sth (2)2.(on sb/sth) (of a vehicle or a driver车辆或驾驶员) to move suddenly in front of another vehicle in a dangerous way, leaving little space between the two vehicles超车抢道◆The lorry cut in (on me) suddenly and I had to brake sharply. 那辆货车突然超车抢了我的道，我只好猛踩刹车。3. (of an engine, a motor or a piece of equipment发动机、马达或设备) to start working automatically, especially after another source of power has failed（尤指断电后）自行启动，开始运转◆If the power fails, the generator will cut in. 万一断电，这台发电机就会自动发电。SYNkick in4. (NAmE, informal) to push in front of people who have been waiting in a line插队；加塞儿◆Someone tried to cut in in front of us. 有人想插到我们前面。◆She saw some friends in line and cut in with them. 她看见队列里有几个朋友，于是插了进去。SYNpush in (BrE) 5.to interrupt a couple who are dancing to start dancing with one of them yourself打断（正在跳舞的两人以便与其中一人跳舞）；抢走舞伴◆May I cut in? 可以打断一下请您跳支舞吗？[v + adv]1also[v + adv + speech]●ˌcut sb ˈin (on sth) (informal) to include sb in a deal and give them a share of the profits让…参与并分享利润◆Do you think we can cut Harris in on the deal? 你看我们可以让哈里斯加入进来做这笔买卖吗？[v + n/pron + adv]●ˌcut ˈinto sth1.to make a mark, an opening or a wound in sth with a knife or a sharp object切入；切开口子◆Make some pencil guidelines before you cut into the wood. 先用铅笔画出标线，再在木头上锯个口子。◆The rope was cutting into her wrists (= because it was very tight). 绳子勒破了她的手腕。OBJcake, meat, etc.2.to interrupt sth打断；打扰◆His voice cut into her thoughts. 他的声音打断了她的思绪。OBJthoughts3.to begin to use part or too much of sb’s time, sth that belongs to sb else, etc.开始占用，开始侵占（某人的时间或他人的物品）◆My work’s cutting into my free time at the moment. 我的工作现在占用了我的业余时间。◆The independent stations are cutting into our audience. 独立电视台开始与我们争夺观众了。OBJtime SYNencroach on/upon sth (more formal) [v + prep]●ˌcut sb ˈoff🔑1.to interrupt a telephone conversation by breaking the connection切断（电话通话线路）◆Operator, I’ve just been cut off. 接线员，我断线了。NOTEUsually used in the passive.通常用于被动语态。2.to refuse to let sb have any of your money or property after you die剥夺…的继承权◆He cut his son off without a penny. 他完全剥夺了儿子的继承权。OBJson, daughter SYNdisinherit sb (more formal) ➡ see also cut sb out, cut sb out of sth3.to end a relationship with sb because you do not want to see or talk to them any more同…绝交；与…一刀两断；停止与…来往◆His family have cut him off since he told them what he’d done. 自从他向家人透露了自己的所作所为之后，他们断绝了与他的关系。1[v + n/pron + adv]2, 3[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n] (less frequent) ●be cut off in your ˈprimeto die suddenly when you are still young, strong and successful英年早逝；短命●ˌcut sb/sth ˈoff🔑1. ( ˌcut yourself ˈoff) (from sb/sth)to separate sb/sth/yourself physically or socially from other people or things使（与…）分离；隔绝（与…）往来◆His deafness cut him off from his family and friends. 失聪阻碍了他与亲友的交流。◆She cut herself off from music after her marriage. 结婚后她不再搞音乐了。◆Why has he cut off all contact with his family? 他为什么与家人断绝了一切联系？◆The farm was completely cut off in the snowstorm. 暴风雪使农场与外界完全隔绝。◆ (figurative) Politicians are cut off from the reality of poverty. 政客完全不了解贫穷的现实。SYNisolate sb/sth/yourself(from sb/sth)NOTEOften used in the passive.常用于被动语态。2.to interrupt sb when they are speaking打断（谈话）◆He cut me off in mid-sentence. 我话刚说到一半就被他打断了。◆My explanation was abruptly cut off. 我的解释突然给打断了。3.to stop the supply of gas, water or electricity to sb’s home停止，中断（煤气、水或电的供应）◆The gas company threatened to cut them off if they didn’t pay the bill. 煤气公司威胁说，如果拖欠账单，就停他们的煤气。◆The water supply had been cut off. 断水了。4. (NAmE) ➡cut sb/sth up◆A sports car cut me off as I turned into the road. 我拐上那条路，一辆跑车抢了我的道。5.to prevent sb from reaching or leaving a place; to stop sb切断…的去路；拦截；阻挡◆Try to cut him off at the traffic lights. 尽量在红绿灯处把他截住。[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]▸ˈcut-off
noun
an act of stopping sth拦截；阻挡；阻拦●ˌcut sth ˈoffto block or get in the way of sth, etc.阻碍；阻挡；堵住◆The police cut off all their escape routes. 警方切断了他们所有的逃跑路线。◆The new hotel cuts off our view of the sea. 新旅馆挡住了我们观海的视野。OBJroute, aid, supplies[v + adv + n][v + n/pron + adv]▸ˈcut-off
noun
a point or a limit when you stop sth截止点；界限◆a cut-off in aid 援助中止◆What is the cut-off date for registration? 注册哪天截止？●ˌcut sth ˈoff🔑●ˌcut sth ˈoff sth🔑to remove sth by cutting it with a knife or a sharp tool（从…）切掉，割去，截断◆He cut off a metre of cloth from the roll. 他从那匹布上裁下一米。◆Mind you don’t cut your fingers off! 当心，别切掉了手指！◆She’s had all her hair cut off. 她把头发剃光了。◆If the photo is too large for the frame, cut a bit off the top. 如果相片比相框大，就从顶部裁掉一点。◆ (figurative) Five seconds has been cut off the world record. 世界纪录缩短了五秒。SYNchop sth off, chop sth off sth[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n][v + n/pron + prep]▸ˈcut-offs
noun
[plural] trousers/pants that have been made shorter by cutting off part of the legs剪短的裤子；毛边短裤▸ˈcut-off
adjective
[only before noun] cut-off trousers/pants have been made shorter by cutting off part of the legs裤管剪短的▸ˈoffcut
noun
(especially BrE) a piece of wood, paper, etc. that remains after the main piece has been cut下脚料；边角材料●ˌcut yourself ˈoff (from sb/sth)➡cut sb off (1)●ˌcut ˈoutif an engine or a motor cuts out, it suddenly stops working（发动机或马达）突然熄火，停止运转◆One of the aircraft’s engines cut out. 飞机的一个发动机突然停止运转。[v + adv]▸ˈcut-out
noun
(especially BrE) a safety device that stops an electric current from flowing through sth（切断电路的）断流器，保险装置◆A cut-out stops the kettle boiling dry. 断流器使电水壶不致干烧。●ˌcut ˈout●ˌcut ˈout of sth (NAmE) 1. (of a vehicle or a driver车辆或驾驶员) to move suddenly sideways out of a line of traffic突然驶离车流◆Did you see the way the car in front cut out? 你看见前面那辆车是怎样猛冲出去的吗？2. (old-fashioned, slang) to leave离开；走开◆I’m cutting out (of here). See you later. 我要走了，回头见。[v + adv][v + adv + prep]●ˌcut sb ˈout●ˌcut sb ˈout of sthto not allow sb to be involved in sth不让…参与（某事）◆If we deliver the goods ourselves, we can cut out the middleman. 如果我们自己发货，就可以绕开中间人了。◆Don’t cut your parents out of your lives! 不要把父母排除在你的生活之外！◆She cut me out of her will (= refused to let me have any of her money or property after she died). 她的遗嘱将我排除在外。➡ see also cut sb off (1)[v + adv + n][v + n/pron + adv][v + n/pron + adv + prep]●ˌcut sth ˈout1.to make sth unnecessary使变得不必要◆Cut out some of the administration by computerizing your records. 用计算机处理记录，减少一些办事手续。◆The new fast train service cuts out the need for a long bus journey. 有了新的高速列车，就不必坐长途汽车了。OBJneed2. (informal) to stop doing, using or eating sth停止做（或使用、食用）◆I’ve cut out sweets to try to lose weight. 为了瘦身，我不吃甜食了。OBJsmoking, drink, sweets3. (informal) to block light or sound阻挡（光线或声音）◆That tree in front of the window cuts out the light. 窗前的树遮住了光线。OBJlight, noise SYNblock sth out4. (informal) used to tell sb to stop doing or saying sth that is annoying you（用于制止恼人的话或事）打住，住口，住手◆I’m sick of you two arguing—just cut it out! 我真烦你们俩吵来吵去的——闭嘴吧！◆Now cut out the jokes and pay attention! 别说笑话了，集中注意力！OBJit, that5.to make sth by cutting裁剪出；砍出；切出◆They managed to cut out a path through the jungle. 他们设法在丛林里辟出一条小路。[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]●ˌcut sth ˈout●ˌcut sth ˈout of sth1.to remove sth you want from sth larger by cutting; to cut the shape of sth from a piece of material, paper, etc.（从…）剪下，切下；裁剪◆Simply cut out and return the coupon. 剪下优惠券并寄回即可。◆She cut the article out of the newspaper. 她从报纸上剪下了那篇文章。◆The children enjoy cutting shapes out of coloured paper. 孩子们喜欢用彩纸剪出各种形状。OBJarticle, picture2.to remove sth bad from sth by cutting切除（坏的部分）◆I cut out the bad parts of the apple. 我削掉了苹果腐烂的部分。3. (informal) to leave sth out of a piece of writing, etc.删减，删节（文字等）◆You can cut out the unimportant details. 你可以删掉无关紧要的细节文字。 SYNomit sth[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n][v + n/pron + adv + prep] ●have your ˈwork cut out (for you) (formal) to face a difficult task or situation面临困难的任务（或局面）◆You’ll have your work cut out to beat him. 你想打败他绝非易事。▸ˈcut-out
noun
a shape cut out of paper, wood, etc.剪纸；刻出的图样◆a cardboard cut-out 用硬纸板剪出的图形●be ˌcut ˈout for sth●be ˌcut ˈout to do/be sth (informal) to have the qualities and abilities needed for sth具有…的天分；是…的材料◆I don’t think I’m cut out for country life. 我认为我不适合乡村生活。◆He’s not cut out to be a politician. 他不是从政的料。NOTEThis phrasal verb is usually used in negative sentences.这一短语动词通常用于否定句。[be + v + adv + prep][be + v + adv + to + inf]●ˌcut ˈthrough sth1.➡cut across sth (1)◆The path cuts through the wood. 小径横穿树林。◆It should be quicker if we cut through town. 我们从城里穿过去，应该会快一些。2.to pass through sth by cutting切开；割开；砍开◆Will this saw cut through metal? 这把锯子能切割金属吗？◆ (figurative) The sharp wind cut through his shirt. 凛冽的冷风吹透了他的衬衣。◆ (figurative) The pain cut through him like a knife. 他感到痛如刀割。3.to overcome a difficulty that is preventing you from making progress克服（困难）；冲破（阻碍）◆Once you cut through the technical language the report is easy to understand. 你弄通了术语，报告就容易理解了。◆The yacht cut smoothly through the waves. 帆船平稳地破浪前进。4.to interrupt sth打断；打扰◆His voice cut through her thoughts. 他的声音打断了她的思路。[v + prep]●ˌcut sth ˈthrough sthto make a path or passage through sth by cutting开辟穿越…的小道◆They had to use their knives to cut a path through the undergrowth. 他们不得不用刀在灌木林中劈出一条小路。OBJpath[v + n/pron + prep]●ˌcut ˈup (NAmE, informal) to behave in a noisy, silly way, especially to try and make people laugh胡闹；卖弄；插科打诨◆He cut up in class. 他在班上调皮捣蛋了。[v + adv]▸ˈcutup
noun
(NAmE, informal) a person who jokes a lot or behaves in a silly way to make people laugh or to get attention爱开玩笑的人；插科打诨的人●ˌcut sb ˈup (informal) 1.to injure sb by cutting them with a knife, a piece of glass, etc.割伤；捅伤；划破◆He was very badly cut up in the fight. 在斗殴中他被严重砍伤。2.to make sb very emotionally upset使伤心；使悲痛；使难受◆She’s still very cut up about the divorce. 她仍为离婚痛苦不已。NOTEUsually used in the passive.通常用于被动语态。1[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]2[v + n/pron + adv]●ˌcut sb/sth ˈup (BrE) (NAmEˌcut sb/sth ˈoff) (of a vehicle or a driver车辆或驾驶员) to suddenly drive in front of another vehicle in a dangerous way超车抢道◆Did you see how he cut me up? 你看见他怎么抢我的道了吗？SYNcarve sb/sth up (BrE) [v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]●ˌcut sth ˈup🔑to divide sth into small pieces with a knife or a sharp tool切碎；剁碎；剪碎◆Who’s going to cut up the vegetables? 谁来切蔬菜？SYNchop sth up[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]
