burn /BrEbɜːn; NAmEbɜːrn/ (burnt, burnt /BrEbɜːnt; NAmEbɜːrnt/ orburned, burned /BrEbɜːnd; NAmEbɜːrnd/ ) ► SEE ALLburn awayburn sth awayburn downburn downburn sth downburn sth offburn outburn sth outburn outburn itself outburn outburn yourself outburn sb outburn sb out of sthburn sth outburn upburn sb up burn sth up●ˌburn aˈway●ˌburn sth aˈwayto disappear as a result of burning; to make sth do this（使）烧毁，烧光◆Half the candle had burnt away. 这支蜡烛燃烧掉了一半。◆The fire had burned away part of the roof. 火灾使一部分屋顶被焚毁。[v + adv][v + adv + n][v + pron + adv][v + n + adv] (less frequent) ●ˌburn ˈdownif a fire burns down, it becomes less strong and burns with smaller flames（火势）减弱，变小◆They sat by the fire, watching it slowly burn down. 他们坐在火边，看着火头逐渐变小。OPPburn up[v + adv]●ˌburn ˈdown🔑●ˌburn sth ˈdown🔑if a building burns down, or sb burns it down, it is destroyed by fire（把…）焚毁，烧毁◆The palace burnt down in the 19th century. 这座宫殿在 19 世纪毁于大火。◆She threatened to burn the house down. 她威胁要把房子烧掉。NOTEOften used in the passive.常用于被动语态。[v + adv][v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]●ˌburn sth ˈoff1.to remove sth by burning烧掉；烧除◆Burn the old paint off before repainting the door. 先把门上的旧漆烧掉，再刷新油漆。2. ( ˌburn sth ˈup) to use energy by exercising（通过锻炼）消耗（能量）◆Walking briskly can burn off a lot of calories. 快步走能消耗很多卡路里。OBJcalories, fat[v + adv + n][v + n/pron + adv]●ˌburn ˈout●ˌburn sth ˈoutif a machine or part of a machine burns out or sb/sth burns it out, it stops working because it has been used too much or has got too hot（因机器使用过度或过热）出故障，损坏◆The clutch has burnt out. 离合器因过热而失灵了。◆I burnt out the motor in the first car I had. 我把我第一辆车的马达烧坏了。[v + adv][v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]●ˌburn ˈout●ˌburn itself ˈoutto stop burning because there is no more fuel（因燃料耗尽）熄灭◆Blow out the candles before they burn out. 把蜡烛吹灭，免得烧完。◆By the time the fire brigade arrived the fire had burnt (itself) out. 消防队赶到时，火已经（自己）熄灭了。➡ note at go out ➡ see also burn sth out[v + adv][v + pron + adv]▸ˈburnout
noun
[countable, uncountable] the point at which a spacecraft has used all of its fuel and has no more power（航天器的）燃料耗尽●ˌburn ˈout●ˌburn yourself ˈoutto become very tired or sick and unable to continue your work because you have worked too hard over a period of time过劳；积劳成疾◆It’s a high-pressure job and many people burn out at a young age. 这份工作压力很大，很多人年纪轻轻就积劳成疾。◆If he carries on working so hard, he’ll burn himself out. 他要是继续这样拼命工作，会把自己累垮的。➡ see also burn sb out, burn sb out of sth[v + adv][v + pron + adv]▸ˈburnout
noun
1. [countable, uncountable] the state of being very tired or sick because you have worked too hard过劳；积劳成疾◆Burnout is common among teachers. 积劳成疾在教师中很常见。2. [countable] a person who is very tired or sick because they have worked too hard劳累过度的人；积劳成疾的人▸ˌburnt-ˈout (especially BrE) (NAmE usuallyˌburned-ˈout)
adjective
very tired or sick because you have worked too hard筋疲力尽的；积劳成疾的◆burnt-out rock singers 声嘶力竭的摇滚歌手●ˌburn sb ˈout●ˌburn sb ˈout of sthto force sb to leave a building by setting fire to it放火迫使…离开（建筑物）◆A gang has tried to burn a woman out of her home. 一伙歹徒试图纵火把一名女子逼出家门。➡ see also burn out, burn yourself out[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n][v + n/pron + adv + prep]●ˌburn sth ˈoutto destroy sth completely by fire, so that only the outside or the frame is left把…烧成空架子◆Two cars were burnt out in the crash. 撞车事故中有两辆汽车被烧毁。NOTEUsually used in the passive.通常用于被动语态。➡ see also burn out, burn itself out[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]▸ˌburnt-ˈout (especially BrE) (NAmE usuallyˌburned-ˈout)
adjective
[only before noun] completely destroyed or badly damaged by fire烧毁的；烧坏的◆burnt-out buses 烧成空壳的公共汽车◆burned-out houses 焚毁的房屋●ˌburn ˈup1.to be destroyed by heat被焚毁；被烧掉◆The spacecraft burned up as it entered the earth’s atmosphere. 宇宙飞船进入地球大气层时被烧毁。2. (usually used in the progressive tenses通常用于进行时) to have a fever or a high temperature发热；体温高◆She’s burning up—she needs a doctor. 她发烧了——需要看医生。3.if a fire burns up, it gets stronger and has larger flames（火势）燃旺，增强OPPburn down[v + adv]●ˌburn sb ˈup (NAmE, informal) to make sb very angry激怒；使大怒◆The way he treats me really burns me up. 他那么对待我，实在把我气疯了。[v + n/pron + adv]●ˌburn sth ˈup1.to get rid of sth completely by burning焚毁；烧毁◆I’m going to burn up all the rubbish / trash. 我要把所有垃圾都烧掉。2.➡burn sth off (2)[v + adv + n][v + n/pron + adv]