start /BrEstɑːt; NAmEstɑːrt/ ► SEE ALLstart backstart for …start in (on sth) start in on sb/sth start offstart sb offstart sth offstart on sb/sthstart on sthstart on at sb start outstart overstart sth over start upstart upstart sth up●ˌstart ˈbackto begin to return somewhere动身（或启程）返回◆It’s time we started back. 我们该回去了。[v + adv]●ˈstart for …to leave one place to go to another动身去；启程前往◆We started for home. 我们动身回家了。SYNhead for …[v + prep]●ˌstart ˈin (on sth) (informal, especially NAmE) to begin to do sth开始做（某事）◆Let’s start in now and get the job done quickly. 咱们现在就动手快点把活儿干完吧。◆It’s time you started in on your homework. 你该做家庭作业了。[v + adv]●ˌstart ˈin on sb/sth (especially NAmE) 1.➡start on sb/sth2.➡start on at sb●ˌstart ˈoff🔑1. ( ˌstart ˈoff doing sth, ˌstart sth ˈoff) [+ adv/prep/adj]to begin happening in a particular way; to begin doing sth in a particular way（以某种方式）进行起来，开展起来◆The game started off well, but gradually got worse. 比赛开始一帆风顺，但逐渐变得艰难起来。◆We started off with some gentle exercises. 我们先是做了点动作柔和的练习。◆She started off by welcoming everyone. 她首先向大家表示欢迎。◆He started off as a plumber. 他的第一份工作是做管道工。◆I started off working quite hard, but it didn’t last. 我一开始非常勤奋，但没有坚持下去。◆The discussion started off calmly enough. 讨论开始时颇为平静。◆The leaves start off green but turn red later. 叶子起先是绿色，到后来就变红了。◆We always started off the lessons with a quiz. 我们上课开始时总是先做一个小测验。◆The teacher started things off by asking us what we had done at the weekend. 老师上课时首先问我们周末做了什么。➡ SYNONYMS 同义词辨析start off begin ◇ commence ◇ kick off ◇ open ◇ start off These verbs are all used to talk about things happening from the beginning.这些动词都表示开始、开展、展开。 begin to start to happen or exist; to start in a particular way or from a particular point开始；起步；开展When does the concert begin?音乐会什么时候开演？It was beginning to snow.开始下雪了。 commence (formal) to start happening开始发生；开始The meeting is scheduled to commence at noon.会议定于中午开始。 kick off (informal) (of an event, activity, film or book) to start, especially in a particular way（事件、活动、电影或书籍）开始，展开，发展The festival kicks off on Monday September 13.节庆活动 9 月 13 日星期一开始。 open (of an event, film or book) to start, especially in a particular way（事件、电影或书籍）开始，展开，发展The story opens with a murder.故事以一起谋杀案开头。 start off (of an event or thing) to start in a particular way or from a particular point（事件或事情）开始进行，开展The discussion started off mildly enough.讨论开始时气氛很缓和。Let's start off with some gentle exercises.我们先做些强度小的练习吧。 NOTEStart can be used on its own * start 可单独使用Have you any idea where the rumour started?你知不知道谣言是从哪儿传出来的？ WHICH WORD? Start (off) is more frequent in spoken English and in business contexts than begin, which is more frequent in written English and is often used when you are describing a series of events * start (off) 比 begin 更常见于英语口语和商务语境，而 begin 更常见于书面英语，常用于描述系列事件The story begins on the island of Corfu.故事从科孚岛展开。 Open is a less informal way of saying kick off; however, it is not usually used for shorter or more informal activities * open 是 kick off 较正式的说法；但通常不用于持续时间较短或不太正式的活动What time do we kick off?我们几点钟开始？ You can use it for longer or more formal events * open 可用于持续时间较长或较正式的活动The conference opens on 15 March.大会 3 月 15 日开幕。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONSto start / begin / start off / kick off / commence / open by doing / with sthto start / begin / start off / commence as stha campaign / season / tour starts / begins / starts off / kicks off / commences / opensa film / book / chapter starts / begins / starts off / opensan enquiry / investigation starts / begins / commences / openswork / production starts / begins / starts off / kicks off / commences2.[+adv/prep]to begin to move or travel开始活动（或旅行）；启动；启程◆The bus started off with a jolt. 公共汽车开动时颠了一下。◆We started off for home. 我们动身回家了。1[v + adv][v + adv + -ing][v + adv + n][v + pron + adv][v + n + adv] (rare) 2[v + adv]●ˌstart sb ˈoff1.(on sth) ( ˌstart sb ˈoff doing (sth)) to help sb begin an activity, an exercise, a job, etc.帮助某人开始（活动、练习、工作等）◆I’ll start you off on the first exercise. 我来带你们做第一个练习。◆His father started him off farming. 他父亲指点他做农活儿。2. ( ˌstart sb ˈoff doing sth) to make sb react in a particular way or begin doing sth使作出反应；使开始（做某事）◆Just mentioning ‘The Simpsons’ started her off again (= made her start laughing). 一提起《辛普森一家》，就又把她逗笑了。◆Don’t shout—you’ll start the baby off (crying) again. 别喊了——不然又要把婴儿吓哭了。SYNset sb off, set sb off doing sthNOTENot used in the passive.不用于被动语态。[v + n/pron + adv]●ˌstart sth ˈoff➡start off (1)●ˈstart on sb/sth ( ˌstart ˈin on sb/sthespecially NAmE) (informal) to attack sb physically or with words对…进行（身体或言语）攻击；打骂◆He hit me first and then he started (in) on my friend. 他先打了我，然后打我的朋友。◆Don’t start on me, I’m tired. 别跟我找茬了，我累了。◆My mum started on me about doing my homework as soon as I got home. 我一回到家，妈妈就数落我做作业的事。[v + prep][v + adv + prep]●ˈstart on sth🔑to begin to deal with sth; to begin to do sth开始处理，着手做（某事）◆When she’d finished cleaning the kitchen, she started on the bathroom. 她打扫完厨房就动手清洁浴室。NOTEStart sth has a similar meaning. * start sth 含义相近。[v + prep]➡ SYNONYMS 同义词辨析start on sth begin sth ◇ embark on/upon sth ◇ get down to sth ◇ start on sth ◇ take sth up These verbs all mean to do the first part of sth, or to do sth or make sth happen or exist for the first time.这些动词都表示开始、着手、使起步。 begin sth to do the first part of sth; to do sth that you were not doing just before; to make sth happen or exist for the first time开始；着手；使起步；使形成He always begins his lessons with a warm-up exercise.他上课总是以热身练习开始。She began to cry.她哭了起来。Everyone began talking at once.大家立刻七嘴八舌交谈起来。 embark on / upon sth to begin doing sth new or difficult开始，从事（新事业或棘手之事）She is about to embark on a new career.她即将开始新的职业生涯。 get down to sth to begin giving serious attention to sth开始认真对待；开始致力于Let's get down to business.我们开始干正事吧。It's time I got down to thinking about that essay.我该开始构思那篇文章了。 start on sth to begin doing sth; to make sth begin to happen: 开始；着手；使起步It's time you started on your homework.你该做家庭作业了。 NOTEStart sth can be used on its own * start 可单独使用It's time you started your homework.你该做家庭作业了。 take sth up to begin sth such as a job or hobby开始从事（工作）；开始有（嗜好）He takes up his duties next week.他下周履职。They've taken up golf.他们已经开始打高尔夫球了。 WHICH WORD? Start sth (up) is more frequent in spoken English and in business contexts than begin, which is more frequent in written English. Start, but notbegin, can also mean ‘to make sth start happening or working’ * start sth (up) 比 begin 更常用于英语口语和商务语境，而 begin 更常用于书面英语。表示“使起步或开始运作”也可用 start，而非 beginWho started the fire?谁放的火？I can't start the car.我无法启动车子。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONSto begin / start / get down to doing sthto begin / start to do sthto begin / start sth by doing / with sthto begin / start a discussion / a conversation / negotiations / an argument / a fight / a riotto begin / start / get down to workto begin / start / take up a job / employment / your duties / a hobbyto begin / start / embark on a journey / hunt / search / relationship / career●ˌstart ˈon at sb (BrE) ( ˌstart ˈon about sth, ˌstart ˈin on sb/sthNAmE, BrE) (informal) to begin to criticize sb/sth or complain to sb about sth开始责备某人；开始向某人抱怨（某事）◆He started on at me again about my hair. 他又对我数落起我的头发来。◆Don’t start on about that dog barking. 不要为那条狗叫的事发牢骚了。[v + adv + prep]●ˌstart ˈout🔑1.to begin a journey启程；上路◆Check the oil before you start out. 出发前检查一下油量。◆What time did they start out? 他们什么时候动身的？SYNset off2.(as sth)to begin in a particular way, especially in business or work（以某种方式）开始，创业◆We started out originally as a taxi firm. 我们开始创业时开了一家出租车公司。◆When the band started out, they had hardly any equipment. 乐队成立之初，几乎没有什么设备。◆Did you know the tower started out leaning the other way? 你知不知道那座塔开始时是向另一边倾斜的？3. ( ˌstart ˈout to do sth, ˌstart ˈout doing sth) to have a particular idea or intention when you begin to do sth最初想要；起先打算◆I had no idea what I was going to write when I started out. 我提笔之时根本不知道要写些什么。◆She had started out to write a short story but it ended up as a novel. 她起先打算写短篇小说，但最后写成了长篇小说。◆He started out with no political opinions, but soon got involved in student politics. 他开始时不抱任何政见，可是很快就投身于学生参与的政治活动。◆She’d started out meaning to apologize but couldn’t. 她原本打算道歉，可就是开不了口。SYNset out to do sth[v + adv]3also[v + adv + to + inf][v + adv + -ing]●ˌstart ˈover●ˌstart sth ˈover (especially NAmE) to begin doing sth again, especially because you were not successful the first time重新开始；从头开始再做（某事）◆I messed up and had to start over. 我搞砸了，不得不返工。◆She spelled my name wrong and had to start over. 她把我的名字拼错了，只好重写。◆His wife has walked out and he must start life over. 妻子抛弃了他，他必须开始新的生活。[v + adv][v + n/pron + adv]●ˌstart ˈup🔑to begin happening开始◆After a moment’s silence, the music started up again. 片刻沉寂过后，音乐重又响起。[v + adv]●ˌstart ˈup🔑●ˌstart sth ˈup🔑1.to start operating; to make sth start operating（使）发动，启动；开动◆The engine started up with a roar. 引擎轰隆隆地发动起来。◆It took me a while to start up the generator. 我费了点时间启动发电机。◆I heard the car starting up. 我听见汽车发动了。2.(in sth)to start operating or trading; to establish a business开始营运（或经营）；创办◆When I started up in business, I needed a lot of help. 创业之初，我需要诸多帮助。◆There are a lot of small businesses starting up in the area. 区内小企业大量涌现。◆My father helped me start up my own company. 父亲帮助我创办了自己的公司。OBJbusiness, company[v + adv][v + adv + n][v + n/pron + adv]▸ˈstart-up
adjective
connected with beginning a new business与创业有关的；创办阶段的◆the new company’s start-up costs 这家新公司的启动费用▸ˈstart-up
noun
a company that is just beginning to operate, especially an Internet company新公司；创业公司；（尤指）新网络公司◆This is just one of the problems facing start-ups in this highly competitive area. 这只是新互联网公司在这个竞争激烈的领域中面临的诸多问题中的一个。