| 词组 | short |
| 释义 | short /ʃɔːt $ ʃɔːrt/ adjective 1. not continuing for a long timenounsa short time I lived in Canada for a short time.a short period (of time) She returned to work after a short period of time.a short holiday/vacation/visit The family are in Florida for a short vacation.a short journey/trip Cycling is good for short journeys in city areas.a short walk/drive/flight It’s only a short walk to the beach.a short break/pause/delay Let’s take a short break for lunch.a short course The college offers short courses in design.a short life/career In his short life, he published eleven volumes of poetry.the shortest route/way We went by the shortest possible route.a short sentence (=a short period in prison as a punishment) He received a short sentence because it was his first offence.verbsget shorter Winter is coming and the days are getting shorter.keep sth short There’s not much time, so I’ll keep it short.adverbsrelatively/comparatively short (=rather short) The city’s population rose from 100,000 to 1 million in a relatively short period.phrasesin/after a short while especially spoken (=in or after a short period of time) He will be back in a short while.in a short space of time (=used when a lot happens or someone does a lot in a short period of time) Students have to learn a vast amount of information in a short space of time.in the short term (=in the near future) The situation is unlikely to improve in the short term.in a few short weeks/months/years (=used when saying that something seems to happen very quickly) In a few short years the children will all have grown up.at short notice (=you are only told about something a short time before it happens) The meeting was cancelled at short notice.short and sweet especially spoken (=short in a way that is good) She was feeling tired, so we kept our visit short and sweet.THESAURUS: short briefperiod | moment | instant | look | glimpse | visit | stay | appearance | pause | silence | smile lasting only for a short time. Brief is more formal than short: There was a brief period of calm. | Fans caught a brief glimpse of the singer as he came out of his hotel (=they saw him for a short time). | The president will make a brief visit to Mexico. | She makes a brief appearance in the film. | There was a brief pause before he answered.Brief or short?Brief is more formal, and is often used about things that are very short. With some words, brief is more common than short. You usually say a brief moment/glimpse/appearance. You always say a brief instant (not a ‘short’ one). quicklook | glance | check | wash | shower | bath | visit | meal | drink | response | way taking only a short time to do something: He had a quick look at the map. | I had a quick glance at my watch. | Is there time for a quick shower? | We can have a quick meal at the airport. | The quickest way is by bus. temporaryaccommodation | home | shelter | job | work | employment | solution | measure only expected to continue for a short time and not permanent: The family are living in temporary accommodation until the work is completed. | Ben found a temporary job for the summer. | When the government bought the bank, this was intended to be a temporary measure (=a temporary way of dealing with a problem). short-livedsuccess | triumph | victory | glory | joy | interest | romance | marriage | optimism | ceasefire lasting only for a short time, especially shorter than you wanted: Unfortunately, the team’s success was short-lived and they lost the next game. | She shocked the world with her short-lived marriage to Frank Sinatra. | The shelling has increased sharply since the collapse of the short-lived ceasefire (=agreement to stop fighting). short-termprofits | gains | effect | benefit | solution | contract | loan used about something that is only expected to continue for a short time in the future: Some companies were only interested in short-term profits, and didn’t care about the long-term effects on the environment. | Scientists studied the short-term effects of reduced sleep on the brain. | Borrowing more money is only a short-term solution to the country’s economic problems. | Research posts often have short-term contracts. fleetingmoment | instant | second | glimpse | glance | visit | appearance | smile | expression | thought | impression lasting only for an extremely short time: For a fleeting moment I saw his face in the mirror. | It was cloudy most of the time and we only had a fleeting glimpse of the sun. | They only had time for a fleeting visit to the islands. | The director makes a fleeting appearance at the end of the movie. | She had a fleeting thought that she might have made a terrible mistake. momentarypause | silence | lapse | hesitation | panic | confusion | pleasure | desire | relief lasting for a very short time – used especially about feelings or pauses: There was a momentary pause in the conversation. | The accident was caused by a momentary lapse in concentration by one of the drivers (=they stopped paying attention for a very short time). | After only a momentary hesitation she nodded and said “yes, OK”. | There was a momentary panic when I thought I’d lost my wallet. passingphase | fashion | fad | mention | reference | interest | thought lasting only for a short time – used especially when someone is only interested in something for a short time, or only mentions something very quickly: Some children won’t eat vegetables, but usually this is just a passing phase. | This is important – it is not simply a passing fad (=something that is fashionable for a short time). | He made only a passing reference to the other members of the team. | Even those with just a passing interest in sport cannot fail to have realised that a major soccer event takes place today. | Until then, I hadn’t given the idea of living abroad more than a passing thought.Passing is always used before a noun. ephemeral formalbeauty | nature | world lasting only for a short time, and ending quickly like everything else in this world: Snow has a kind of ephemeral beauty. | His poetry focuses on the ephemeral nature of our existence. | In the ephemeral world of popular culture, people suddenly become famous and then are never heard of again. | His wealth proved to be ephemeral.ANTONYMS → long (2)2. not long in length or distancenounsa short distance/way She lived a short distance from the school.a short piece of sth The papers were tied together with a short piece of string.short hair/fur Her hair was cut short, like a man’s.short fingers/arms/legs/body My arms are too short for this jacket.a short skirt/dress/jacket/coat The school did not allow girls to wear short skirts.short sleeves Short sleeves are cooler in summer.THESAURUS: short stubbyfingers | legs | wings short and thick: The baby reached out his stubby little fingers. | Sparrows are small birds with stubby wings and they can’t fly very far.ANTONYMS → long (1)3. consisting of only a few pages, words, or lettersnounsa short book/article/report/essay His short book, ‘The Problems of Philosophy’, is an excellent introduction to the subject.a short speech/talk/statement The company issued a short statement apologizing for any inconvenience.a short word/phrase/name/title His films usually have short titles.a short description Write a short description of the main character in the story.a short answer The short answer is ‘no’.a shorter version of sth A shorter version of this article appeared in the ‘Chicago Tribune’ on 27 September.a short piece (of writing) They have asked me to write a short piece for the school magazine.a short list There is a short list of restaurants in the area.verbskeep sth short It’s usually best to keep your sentences short.THESAURUS: short briefdescription | statement | mention | account | introduction | explanation | outline | summary | overview | history | survey using only a few words and not giving a lot of details: There is a brief description of the hotel in the brochure. | Police issued a brief statement saying that the case was closed. | The subject only receives a brief mention in his book. | Austen offers us a brief account of Emma’s past and present situation. | Each chapter begins with a brief introduction. | Can you be brief? We don’t have a lot of time.Brief or short?Brief is often used when you do not give many details. Short just means “not long”.Brief is more common than short with description, statement, account, introduction, explanation, outline, and summary.You say be brief, (not ‘be short’). You give something a brief mention, (not a ‘short’ one). concisedescription | account | analysis | statement | summary | overview | instructions | style | way short and clear, and with no unnecessary words or information: Sainte-Marie gives a concise description of the Chinese classics. | The book contains a concise account of the basic principles of physics. | The author provides a concise analysis of the country’s recent history. | He left concise instructions about what to do with the money after he died. | She writes in a very clear and concise style. succinctcomment | answer | reply | statement | language | explanation using only very few words, so that the meaning of what you are saying is very clear: Prescott’s comments on articles about him are succinct: “I don’t read them. I never see them.” | I will try to keep my answers as succinct as possible. | I wish he would be more succinct.Concise or succinct?Concise is often used about longer pieces of text, for example in a book. Succinct is often used about short answers and comments that someone makes. pithydescription | comment | observation | phrase | saying | slogan | quote using only a few words, in a way that expresses something cleverly and well: His poems are full of sharp pithy descriptions. | It is sometimes difficult to put all your ideas into one pithy phrase.ANTONYMS → long (3)4. not tallnounsa short man/woman/boy/girl He was a short man of about 55.short grass The grass is kept short by the sheep.Short sounds very direct and not very polite. It sounds gentler and more polite to say that someone is not very tall: She wasn’t very tall – maybe about 1.60 metres.THESAURUS: short small man | woman | boy | girl | child | tree | plant | flower | animal | dog | horse used about someone who is short and has a small body. You also use small about plants, trees, and animals that are not big in size: He was a small man, about five feet in height. | A small woman in an apron appeared behind the bar. | The girl was quite small for her age (=smaller than other girls of the same age). | Small dogs often make a lot of noise. lowhill | building | table | chair | wall | ceiling | bridge | tree used about things that are not high: The city is surrounded by low hills. | They sat on the floor around a low table. | The bird builds its nests in low trees. petitewoman used about a woman who is short and thin in an attractive way: Catherine was a petite woman with long blonde hair. | She is slim, petite, and very feminine. dumpywoman | girl | figure | body used about a short woman or girl who does not look attractive because she is rather fat: His wife was a short dumpy woman with glasses. | Agnes thought that a dumpy girl should not wear a tall hat. stockyman | boy | child | build | figure rather short, with a strong heavy-looking body – used especially about men and boys: The referee was a stocky man with a whistle round his neck. | The police say he is of stocky build (=he has a short heavy body). | A stocky figure with powerful forearms stood next to the bar. diminutive formalfigure | size | stature | body | star short and with a small body – used especially in descriptions in novels: A diminutive figure dressed in black entered the room. | Because of her diminutive size she was often asked to play children’s roles. | With his diminutive stature and mild voice, it was hard to imagine him threatening anyone (=short height). | The diminutive star has appeared in many comedy films. stuntedtrees | growth | development if something is stunted, it is short because it has been damaged or has not grown properly: All that remained of the forest was a few stunted trees. | Lack of calcium can result in stunted growth (=stop someone’s body from growing and developing).ANTONYMS → tall |
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