lay /leɪ/ (laid, laid /leɪd/ ) ► SEE ALLlay about sb (with sth) lay sth aside lay sth before sb/sthlay sth bylay sth downlay sth in lay into sb/sth (with sth) (for sth/for doing sth) lay offlay off sb/sthlay off doing sth lay off sthlay off doing sth lay sb offlay sth on lay sth on sb lay out lay sb outlay sth outlay over (in/at …) lay uplay sb up lay sth up●ˌlay aˈbout sb (with sth) (especially BrE) to attack sb violently physically or with words猛打；痛骂◆He started to lay about me with his walking stick. 他开始用拐杖狠狠揍我。[v + prep]●ˌlay sth aˈside (formal) 1.to put sth to one side and not use it or think about it把…放在一边；将…搁置一旁◆I laid my book aside and picked up the letter. 我把书放在一边，拿起那封信。◆ (figurative) They laid aside their differences until the crisis was over. 在危机期间他们搁置了分歧。2. ( ˌlay sth ˈ byless frequent) to keep sth to use in the future; to save sth留存备用；积蓄◆Have you laid anything aside for your old age? 你为个人养老有所积攒了吗？SYNput sth aside, set sth aside[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]●ˌlay sth beˈfore sb/sthto present a proposal, some information, etc. to sb for them to think about and decide on呈交，递交，上报（供审议决定）◆The bill was laid before Parliament. 议案提交给了国会。[v + n/pron + prep]●ˌlay sth ˈby➡lay sth aside●ˌlay sth ˈdown1.to put sth down or stop using it放下；停用◆He stopped writing and laid down his pen. 他停止写字，放下钢笔。◆They refused to lay down their arms. 他们拒绝放下武器。SYNput sb/sth down2.if you lay down a rule, or a principle, you state officially that people must obey it or use it规定，制定（规则或原则）◆The government has laid down procedures for negotiating teachers’ pay. 政府已制定出协商教师薪酬的程序。◆Clear guidelines have been laid down for religious teaching in schools. 已制订出明确的关于学校宗教教育的指导原则。OBJguidelines, rules, conditions3.to establish sth that will develop or be useful in the future形成；建立◆Good eating habits can be laid down in childhood. 良好的饮食习惯可以在童年养成。4.to produce sth that is stored and gradually increases积聚；积累◆If you eat too much, the surplus is laid down as fat. 要是吃得太多，过剩的营养就会成为脂肪贮存起来。OBJfatNOTEUsually used in the passive.通常用于被动语态。5. (BrE) to store sth, especially wine, to use in the future贮备，贮存（尤指葡萄酒）◆She has laid down hundreds of bottles of port. 她贮存了上百瓶波尔图葡萄酒。OBJbottles, wine6.to record music for a CD, etc. 录制（音乐） ◆We laid down a couple of tracks in the studio this morning. 今天上午，我们在录音间灌录了两三首乐曲。OBJtrack1, 4[v + adv + n][v + n/pron + adv]2, 3,5, 6[v + adv + n][v + pron + adv][v + n + adv] (rare) ●lay down the ˈlawto tell sb firmly what they can or cannot do严令；发号施令●lay down your ˈlife (for sb/sth)to die willingly in order to save sb or because of sth that you believe in（为救人或坚持信仰）牺牲生命，献身，捐躯●ˌlay sth ˈin (formal) to get a supply of sth and store it to use in the future贮备；贮存◆I’ve laid in enough logs for the winter. 我储备的木柴足够过冬。SYNget sth in[v + adv + n][v + n/pron + adv]●ˌlay ˈinto sb/sth (with sth)(for sth/for doing sth) (informal) to attack sb/sth violently, with words or blows（为…）（以…）猛揍，痛斥◆She laid into him with her fists. 她挥拳狠揍了他。◆He laid into the government for spending millions of pounds on buildings nobody wanted. 他怒斥政府耗费几百万英镑兴建没人要的楼房。SYNrip into sb/sth, etc.[v + prep]●ˌlay ˈoff●ˌlay ˈoff sb/sth●ˌlay ˈoff doing sth (informal) used to tell sb to stop doing sth that irritates or annoys you（用于命令）别烦人，停止（做…）◆Lay off! You’re messing up my homework! 别闹了！你打扰我写作业了！◆Lay off him, he’s still learning. 别烦他，他还在学习呢。◆Lay off bullying your brother! 别再欺负你弟弟！[v + adv][v + prep]●ˌlay ˈoff sth●ˌlay ˈoff doing sth (informal) to stop doing or using sth harmful停止（做有害的事）；放弃（有害的事物）◆You should lay off alcohol / drinking for a while. 你暂时别喝酒。[v + prep]●ˌlay sb ˈoffto dismiss workers, usually for a short time, because there is not enough work（因工作不多暂时）遣散，裁减◆We’ve had to lay off hundreds of workers. 我们不得不暂时解雇几百名工人。[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]▸ˈlay-off
noun
1. [countable] an act of dismissing workers because there is not enough work（因工作不多而进行的）遣散，裁员◆The crisis has caused thousands of lay-offs. 这场危机导致几千人失业。2. [usually singular] a period of time when sb is not able to take part in an activity or a sport that they usually do（无法参加活动或体育运动的）歇工期，休息期➡ SYNONYMS 同义词辨析lay sb off dismiss sb ◇ fire sb ◇ lay sb off ◇ make sb redundant ◇ sack sb These verbs all mean to officially remove sb from their job.这些动词都表示解雇、免职、开除。 dismiss sb [usually passive] (formal) to officially remove sb from their job解雇；免去…的职务；开除She claims she was unfairly dismissed from her post.她自称遭到无正当理由的解雇。 fire sb [often passive] to officially remove sb from their job解雇；开除We had to fire him for dishonesty.因为他不诚实，我们不得不将他开除。She got fired from her first job.她被解雇，结束了第一份工作。 lay sb off [often passive] to stop employing sb, often for a temporary period, because there is not enough work for them to do（因工作不多暂时）遣散，裁减200 workers at the factory have been laid off.该厂 200 名工人下岗了。 make sb redundant [usually passive] to remove sb from their job because there is no more work available for them（因无工作可做）解雇，裁减She was made redundant from her job.她被裁员了。 sack sb [often passive] (informal, especially BrE) to dismiss sb from a job, usually because they have done sth wrong（因过错）解雇，开除She was sacked for refusing to work on Sundays.她因拒绝星期天上班被开除了。 NOTE It is also possible to say give sb the sack or get the sack in British English. 英国英语中也可说 give sb the sack 或 get the sack。 WHICH WORD? Dismiss is the preferred term in legal contexts, especially in the phrase unfairly / wrongfully dismissed. Sack can sound more sudden or dramatic than give sb the sack, and is used more in newspapers. Give sb the sack is more frequent in everyday spoken English法律语境中倾向于用 dismiss 一词，尤其在 unfairly / wrongfully dismissed 短语中。与 give sb the sack 相比，sack 含有突如其来或富有戏剧性之意，多用于报章。日常英语口语中常用 give sb the sackShe got the sack / was given the sack for refusing to work on Sundays.她因拒绝星期天上班被开除了。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONSto fire sb / dismiss sb / lay sb off / sack sb / make sb redundant / get the sack from a jobto fire sb / dismiss sb / sack sb / give sb the sack for sthstaff / workers are fired / dismissed / laid off / sacked / made redundant to be unfairly / summarily fired / dismissed / sacked●ˌlay sth ˈon (BrE, informal) to provide or arrange sth for sb, for example food, transport or entertainment提供，安排（食物、交通、娱乐等）◆Extra buses were laid on during the train strike. 铁路罢工期间增加了公共汽车班次。◆She had laid on tea for the players. 她为运动员提供茶水。[v + adv + n][v + n/pron + adv] ●lay it/sth on with a ˈtrowel●lay it on ˈthick (informal) to talk about sb/sth in a way that makes them seem much better or worse than they really are; to exaggerate sth大肆吹捧；过分贬低；夸大其词◆He was laying on the flattery with a trowel. 他在一个劲儿地拍马屁。◆Calling him a genius is laying it on a bit thick! 称他为天才未免有些言过其实！●ˌlay sth ˈon sb (informal) 1.to force sb to deal with sth unpleasant or difficult把（麻烦或难题）强推给某人处理◆I’m sorry to lay all this work on you. 很抱歉我把这活儿全推给你干。2. (NAmE) to break bad or surprising news to sb把（坏的或惊人的消息）透露给◆Sorry to lay this on you, but he’s never coming back. 很抱歉地告诉你，他绝对不会回来了。[v + n/pron + prep]●ˌlay ˈout (NAmE) to stop taking part in a group activity for a short time, especially in order to let others take part （尤指为让他人参与而）暂时退出（集体活动） ◆He’s always happy to lay out for a while and let other people be heard. 他总是乐于歇息一下，让其他人发言。[v + adv]●ˌlay sb ˈout1. (informal) to knock sb unconscious打昏；打晕◆He laid his opponent out with a single blow. 他一拳就把对手打晕了。2.to prepare a dead body to be buried给（尸体）作殡葬准备[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]●ˌlay sth ˈout1.to spread sth out ready to use or so that it can be seen easily铺开；展开；摊开◆Lay out all the clothes you want to take. 把你要带走的衣服全摆出来。◆Lay all the cards out on the table. 把纸牌全摆在桌上。2.to plan how sth should look and arrange it in this way策划；设计；安排；布置◆They laid the streets out on a grid pattern. 他们把街道设计成棋盘状。◆a well-laid-out CV / résumé 版面编排得宜的个人简历3.to present or explain sth clearly and carefully（清晰细致地）演示，解释◆At the meeting, he laid out his plans for the company. 在会议上，他清楚地阐释了他对公司的规划。4.(on sth) (informal) to spend money花（钱）◆He laid out thousands renovating the house. 他花了几千元钱翻新房子。[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]▸ˈlayout
noun
[usually singular] the way in which sth is arranged规划；设计；安排；布局◆He still recalled the layout of the house perfectly. 他依然清晰地记得那座房子的布置。◆The magazine has a very attractive layout. 那本杂志的版面设计很吸引人。▸ˈoutlay
noun
[countable, uncountable] the money that you spend on sth, especially when you start a new project（尤指新项目的）支出，花费◆an outlay of $400 000 40 万元的开支◆What was your initial outlay on equipment? 你购置设备的起始费用是多少？●ˌlay ˈover (in/at …) (NAmE) to stop somewhere for a short time when you are on a journey by plane （乘飞机时在中途）稍作停留，短暂滞留 ◆Several passengers were laying over in Chicago for a few hours. 几名乘客在芝加哥逗留了数小时。[v + adv]▸ˈlayover
noun
a short stay somewhere during a plane journey （乘飞机时在中途的）短暂停留，短暂滞留 ◆a four-hour layover 四个小时的途中短暂停留 ●ˌlay ˈupto hide somewhere or do nothing for a while躲藏；闲着◆They lay up in a cave until it got dark. 他们在洞里一直躲到天黑。[v + adv]●ˌlay sb ˈup (informal) if sb is laid up, they are unable to work or take part in an activity because they are ill/sick or injured（因病或因伤）使暂停工作，使退出活动◆I was laid up for a month with a broken leg. 我因腿部骨折休养了一个月。◆He has been laid up with flu for a week. 他因患流感休息了一个星期。NOTENearly always used in the passive.几乎总是用于被动语态。[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]●ˌlay sth ˈup1.(for yourself) (BrE) if you lay up trouble or problems for yourself, you do sth that will result in difficulties later 把（困难或问题）积存起来；搁置 ◆You’re laying up problems for yourself by not tackling this now. 你现在不处理这事，就是给自己日后增加麻烦。OBJtrouble, problems2.to stop using a vehicle, ship, etc. because you do not need it, or it has to be repaired暂停使用（车、船等）◆Our boat is laid up during the winter months. 我们的船在冬季的几个月里闲着不用。NOTEOften used in the passive.常用于被动语态。[v + adv + n][v + n/pron + adv]
