keep /kiːp/ (kept, kept /kept/ ) ► SEE ALLkeep after sb (about sth/to do sth) keep aheadkeep ahead of sb/sthkeep at sthkeep sb at sthkeep away (from sb/sth)keep sb/sth away (from sb/sth)keep back (from sb/sth)keep sb backkeep sb/sth back (from sb/sth)keep sth backkeep sb behind keep downkeep sb downkeep sth downkeep from doing sthkeep yourself from doing sthkeep sb from sthkeep sb from doing sthkeep sth from sbkeep in keep sb in keep sth inkeep sb/yourself in sth keep in with sb keep off keep offkeep off sthkeep off sthkeep sb off sthkeep sb/sth offkeep sb/sth off sb/sthkeep onkeep onkeep on sthkeep sb onkeep sth onkeep sth on sb/sthkeep outkeep out of sthkeep out of sthkeep sb out of sthkeep sth outkeep sb/sth outkeep sb/sth out of sthkeep to sthkeep to yourselfkeep yourself to yourselfkeep to sthkeep sth to sthkeep sth to yourselfkeep togetherkeep sb/sth togetherkeep sb under keep upkeep sb upkeep sth upkeep up with sbkeep up with sth●ˌkeep ˈafter sb (about sth/to do sth) (NAmE) to ask or tell sb repeatedly to do sth一再要求，反复提醒（某人做某事）◆She keeps after me to fix the TV. 她总是唠叨着让我修电视机。➡ see also keep on (2)[v + prep]●ˌkeep aˈhead●ˌkeep aˈhead of sb/sthto continue to be more advanced or successful than other people, groups, etc.保持领先（于…）的位置◆We need to keep ahead of our competitors. 我们得继续领先于我们的对手。◆If you want to keep ahead in this industry, you have to be ruthless. 要想在这个行业一直做领头羊，你就不能心慈手软。SYNstay ahead, stay ahead of sb/sth[v + adv][v + adv + prep]●ˌkeep ˈat sth●ˌkeep sb ˈat sthto continue to work hard at sth, or to make sb work hard at sth, particularly sth which is difficult or takes a long time（使）继续努力，坚持干◆Keep at it, you’ve nearly finished! 别松劲，你马上就要完成了！◆He kept them at the job until it was finished. 他让他们一直干到把活干完。[v + prep][v + n/pron + prep]●ˌkeep aˈway (from sb/sth)🔑to not go near sb/sth避免靠近；远离◆Keep away from me! 离我远点！◆The police told us to keep well away from the area. 警察让我们避开那个地区。SYNstay away(from sb/sth)[v + adv]●ˌkeep sb/sth aˈway (from sb/sth)🔑to prevent sb/sth from going near sb/sth不让…靠近；使远离◆Keep him away from the kitchen while we make his birthday cake. 我们给他做生日蛋糕时，不要让他进厨房。◆We turned off the lights to keep the mosquitoes away. 我们关了灯，以免招蚊子。◆Her parents are keeping her away from school for a few days. 她的父母让她这几天不去上学。◆ (figurative) A healthy diet can help to keep colds and flu away. 健康饮食有助于预防伤风和流感。[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n] (less frequent) ▸ˈkeep-away
noun
[uncountable] a game, usually played by children, in which two or more people throw a ball and try to stop another person from catching it儿童投球游戏；拦截球游戏●ˌkeep ˈback (from sb/sth)to remain at a distance from sb/sth（与…）保持距离◆Keep back or I’ll shoot! 不许过来，不然我开枪了！◆I kept well back from the road. 我远离公路。SYNstay back[v + adv]●ˌkeep sb ˈback1. (BrE) ➡keep sb in (1)◆I was kept back after school for being cheeky. 我因为不懂礼貌而要课后留校。2. (NAmE) ➡keep sb down (1)●ˌkeep sb/sth ˈback (from sb/sth)to make sb/sth remain at a distance from sb/sth; to prevent sb from moving forwards使（与…）保持距离；避免…走近◆Keep the children back from the fire. 别让小孩靠近炉火。◆The police were trying to keep back the crowds. 当时警察正设法阻挡人群靠近。[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]●ˌkeep sth ˈback1. (especially BrE) to keep a part of sth to use later保留；预留◆Have you kept some money back to pay the bills? 你留出付账单的钱了吗？◆Keep a piece of cake back for Alex. 给亚历克斯留块蛋糕。2.(from sb/sth)to refuse to tell sb sth; to hold sth back不告诉；隐瞒◆I’m sure she’s keeping something back (from us). 我肯定她有什么事儿瞒着（我们）。OBJsomething, anything, nothing SYNwithhold sth (more formal) 3.to try not to let other people see or know how you feel抑制，克制（感情等）◆He could hardly keep back the tears. 他难以忍住泪水。OBJtears SYNhold sth back1, 2[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]3[v + adv + n][v + n/pron + adv]●ˌkeep sb beˈhind (NAmE) ➡keep sb in (1)●ˌkeep ˈdownto hide yourself by not standing up straight隐伏；卧倒隐蔽；蹲下藏身◆Keep down! Don’t let anybody see you. 蹲下！不要让人看见你。SYNstay down[v + adv]●ˌkeep sb ˈdown1. (BrE) (NAmEˌkeep sb ˈback) to make a student repeat a year at school, college, etc. because of poor marks/grades让（学生）留级◆I was kept down because I failed the exam. 我因为考试不及格被要求留级。2.to control a people, a nation, etc. so that they have no power or freedom压制，控制，限制（人民、国家等）◆The people have been kept down for years by a brutal regime. 多年来人们一直受到残暴政权的压制。SYNrepress sb1[v + n/pron + adv]2[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]●ˌkeep sth ˈdown🔑1.to make sth remain at a low level; to avoid increasing sth使保持在低水平；抑制…的增长◆We’re trying to keep costs down. 我们正努力保持低成本。◆He exercises a lot to keep his weight down. 他一个劲地锻炼，以控制体重。◆Keep your voice down! 小点声！◆Keep it down(= Make less noise)! I’m trying to concentrate. 安静点！我要集中注意力。OBJcosts, prices, voice, noise SYNhold sth down2.to manage to keep food or drink in your stomach and avoid bringing it back through your mouth不使（胃中食物）吐出；吃（或喝）下去不吐◆He can’t keep anything down. 他吃什么都吐。OBJfood SYNhold sth down3.to not raise a part of your body不抬起（身体部位）◆Keep your head down! 别抬头！◆She kept her eyes down while he was talking. 他讲话时她一直没抬眼。OBJeyes, head, faceNOTENot used in the passive in meanings 2 and 3.作第 2 及第 3 义时不用于被动语态。1, 2[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]3[v + n/pron + adv] ●keep/get your ˈhead downto avoid attracting attention避免引起注意；保持低调；不张扬●ˈkeep from doing sth●ˈkeep yourself from doing sthto prevent yourself from doing sth忍住不做某事◆She bit her lip to keep from laughing. 她咬着嘴唇，以免笑出来。[v + prep][v + pron + prep]●ˈkeep sb from sth●ˈkeep sb from doing sthto prevent sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事◆Don’t let me keep you from your work. 我可不想妨碍你工作。◆I’ve been trying to keep him from finding out the truth. 我一直没让他找出真相。◆Her pride kept her from crying in front of them. 她的自尊心不允许她在他们面前哭出来。[v + n/pron + prep]●ˈkeep sth from sbto avoid telling sb sth不告诉；隐瞒◆I think he’s keeping secrets from me. 我想他有秘密瞒着我。◆Are you keeping something from us? 你有什么事儿瞒着我们吗？OBJsecrets, something[v + n/pron + prep]●ˌkeep ˈin (BrE) to stay near the edge of the road or path while you are driving, walking, etc.靠路边（开车、行走等）◆If you keep in, the van can overtake. 你往路边靠一下，小货车就能开过去。[v + adv]●ˌkeep sb ˈin (especially BrE) 1. (BrE alsoˌkeep sb ˈback) (NAmE alsoˌkeep sb beˈhind) to make a child stay after normal school hours as a punishment罚（学生）课后留校◆The teacher kept them all in after school. 老师罚他们全部课后留校。2.to not allow a child to go outdoors不许（孩子）出门；留（孩子）在室内◆I’m keeping the children in because it’s raining outside. 外面下着雨，所以我让孩子们呆在屋里。3.to keep sb in hospital不让出院；使继续住院◆She’s much better, but they’re keeping her in overnight. 她好多了，但他们让她在医院住一夜。[v + n/pron + adv]●ˌkeep sth ˈin1.to stop yourself expressing an emotion克制，抑制（感情）◆He could hardly keep in his anger. 他几乎掩饰不住愤怒之情。SYNrestrain sth2.to not allow sth to escape, be lost or taken out不让…逃脱（或遗失）；保留◆Close the door to keep in the warmth. 关上门，别跑了热气。◆She wanted to cut the sex scene (= in a play or film / movie), but we kept it in. 她想剪掉性爱场面，可我们保留了。OBJwarmth, heat3.to not allow an animal to go outdoors不让（动物）出屋[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n] ●keep your ˈhand into do an activity occasionally so that you do not lose your skill at it（不时操练以）保持技巧熟练◆I play squash from time to time, just to keep my hand in. 我偶尔打打壁球，以免技术生疏。●ˈkeep sb/yourself in sth (informal) to give or allow sb/yourself a regular supply of sth使常有（某物的供应）；向…供给（某物）◆This part-time job keeps me in cigarettes. 这份兼职工作够我买烟抽了。[v + n/pron + prep]●ˌkeep ˈin with sb (BrE) to continue to be friendly with sb, especially in order to gain some advantage for yourself与…保持友好关系；不断讨好◆He keeps in with anyone who might be useful to him. 只要是对他可能有用的人，他就一直巴结着。[v + adv + prep]●ˌkeep ˈoff (especially BrE) if rain, snow, etc. keeps off, it does not fall, even though it looks as if it might（雨、雪等）未下◆The party will go ahead provided the rain keeps off. 如果不下雨，聚会将照常举行。SYNhold off[v + adv]●ˌkeep ˈoff●ˌkeep ˈoff sthto not go onto a particular area不去（某处）◆Keep off (the grass)! 勿践踏（草坪）！◆We kept off the main roads to avoid the traffic. 为避开车流，我们没有上干线公路。OBJgrass[v + adv][v + prep]●ˌkeep ˈoff sth●ˌkeep sb ˈoff sth1.to not eat, drink or smoke sth; to not let sb eat, drink or smoke sth（使）戒忌食物（或饮料、香烟）◆The doctor’s told me to keep off red meat. 医生建议我不要吃牛羊肉。2.to not mention a particular topic; to stop sb talking about a particular topic回避（某一话题）；不让（某人）谈论（某一话题）◆It’s best to keep off the subject of politics with my father. 最好不要和我父亲谈论政治话题。◆Keep her off the subject of teenage girls! 不要让她谈少女这个话题！OBJsubject, topicSYNstay off sth[v + prep][v + n/pron + prep]●ˌkeep sb/sth ˈoff●ˌkeep sb/sth ˈoff sb/sthto stop sb/sth from coming near or going into (a place); to stop sb/sth from touching or harming sb/sth使不靠近；使不进入；避免…接触（或伤害）◆He covered the sandwiches to keep the flies off. 他盖上了三明治，免得招苍蝇。◆Keep your animals off my land! 别让你的牲口进我的地界！◆Working helps keep my mind off my problems. 工作有助于让我忘掉烦恼。◆I kept the children off (school) until they felt better. 直到孩子们感觉好了点，我才让他们上学。OBJflies, hands, mind, eyes[v + n/pron + adv][v + n/pron + prep]●ˌkeep ˈon🔑1. ( ˌkeep ˈon doing sth) to continue without stopping继续，持续（做某事）◆He’ll get into trouble if he keeps on like this! 他照这样下去会惹麻烦的！◆Keep on trying—don’t give up! 继续努力——不要放弃！◆The rain kept on all night. 雨整夜下个不停。SYNcarry on(with sth), carry on doing sth2.(at sb)(about sb/sth) (BrE) to continue to talk about sb/sth in a boring or annoying way（对某人）（关于…）喋喋不休，唠哩唠叨◆Don’t keep on (about it)! 别唠叨（这件事儿）了！◆My mum keeps on at me to cut my hair. 妈妈没完没了地催我理发。SYNgo on(about sb/sth)➡ see also keep after sb (about sth/to do sth)[v + adv]1also[v + adv + -ing]●ˌkeep ˈon●ˌkeep ˈon sthto continue to follow a particular route沿路继续走◆Keep on until you come to the road. 一直往前走到公路。◆Keep on the path until you see a gate. 沿这条小路往前，直到看见一道大门。[v + adv][v + prep]●ˌkeep sb ˈonto continue to employ sb, even though circumstances have changed继续雇用◆We can only afford to keep a few workers on. 我们只能续聘少数几名工人。[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n] (less frequent) ●ˌkeep sth ˈon1.to continue to wear sth; to not take sth off继续穿着；不脱下；不取下◆It was so cold that we kept our socks on in bed. 天气很冷，我们在床上没脱袜子。◆Keep the lid on while the tea is brewing. 沏茶时不要打开盖子。OPPtake sth off2.to not switch sth off一直开着◆Do you keep the heating on all day? 你整天开着暖气吗？SYNleave sth on OPPswitch sth off3.to stop sth coming or falling off避免掉落；使固定住◆How do you keep that bandage on? 绷带怎么缠牢？4.to continue to rent or be the owner of a house, flat/apartment, etc.继续租用，保留（房屋、公寓等）◆Can you afford to keep this place on while you’re abroad? 出国期间，你有能力继续租用这个地方吗？[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n] (less frequent) ●keep your ˈhair on (BrE, informal) used to tell sb not to become angry冷静下来；别发脾气●ˈkeep sth on sb/sthif you keep your mind, eyes, etc. on sb/sth, you fix your attention on them/it集中注意力于；专注于◆I can’t keep my mind on my work. 我没法集中精力工作。◆She kept one eye on the traffic and the other on the map. 她一边留心来往车辆，一边看地图。OBJmind, attention, eye[v + n/pron + prep] ●keep an eye on sb/sth (informal) to watch or check sb/sth to make sure that they are safe, etc.; to look after sb/sth照看；留神；留意◆Will you keep an eye on the baby for five minutes? 你照看婴儿五分钟好吗？●ˌkeep ˈout🔑●ˌkeep ˈout of sth🔑to not enter a place; to remain outside不进入（某处）；留在…外面◆There was a sign saying ‘Keep out!’. 告示牌上写着“禁止入内！”◆Please keep out of the office while I’m working. 我工作时请不要进办公室。[v + adv][v + adv + prep]●ˌkeep ˈout of sth●ˌkeep sb ˈout of sth1.to avoid sth; to prevent sb/yourself from being affected by sth避免；（使）免受…的影响◆The doctor has advised me to keep out of the sun. 医生建议我不要晒太阳。◆They always kept their daughter out of the spotlight (= away from the public). 他们总是不让女儿抛头露面。◆I try to keep out of his way. 我尽量躲着他。OBJthe sun, sight, sb’s/the way2.to avoid becoming involved in sth; to stop sb from becoming involved in sth避免（让…）参与；（使）置身事外◆Keep out of this! It’s got nothing to do with you! 别掺和！这不关你的事！◆Try to keep the kids out of mischief while I’m out. 我外出时别让孩子们胡闹。SYNstay out of sth[v + adv + prep][v + n/pron + adv + prep]●ˌkeep sth ˈoutto not put sth away that you have taken out of a cupboard, etc.; to keep sth ready to use不收走（从橱柜等拿出的东西）；把…预备好◆Keep the butter out for your dad’s breakfast. 把黄油留下，给你爸爸吃早餐用。OPPput sth away[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n] (less frequent) ●ˌkeep sb/sth ˈout●ˌkeep sb/sth ˈout of sthto prevent sb/sth from entering a place使不进入（某处）；防止…进入（某处）；把…关在（…的）外面◆We hung a curtain at the door to keep out the cold. 我们在门上挂了条帘子，以防冷气进来。◆ (figurative) She tried to keep the anger out of her voice. 她尽量使自己的声音不流露出怒气。[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n][v + n/pron + adv + prep]●ˈkeep to sth1.to not leave a path, a road, etc.不偏离，不离开（道路等）◆Keep to the footpath. 顺着人行道走。◆Keep to the left (= on a road, etc.). 靠左边行走。OBJpath2.to talk or write only about a particular subject不偏离，不脱离（主题）◆Keep to the point! 别跑题！◆Will you please keep to the subject under discussion? 请不要偏离讨论的主题好吗？OBJsubject, point3.to follow a plan, an agreement, a rule, etc. exactly as you are supposed to do信守，严格遵守（计划、协议、规则等）◆She hasn’t kept to the agreement, so neither will I. 她没有遵守协议，所以我也不会遵守的。◆We must keep to the schedule. 我们必须按日程进行。◆He never keeps to the speed limit. 他从不遵守速度限制。◆Was the agenda kept to at the meeting? 开会时是否严格遵守了议程？OBJrules, agreement, schedule SYNadhere to sth (formal) SYNstick to sth[v + prep]●ˌkeep to yourˈself●ˌkeep yourˈself to yourˈselfto avoid meeting people socially or becoming involved in other people’s affairs不与人往来；离群索居；不管闲事◆He keeps (himself) to himself and nobody knows very much about him. 他很少和人交往，所以谁对他都不太了解。[v + prep + pron][v + pron + prep + pron]●ˈkeep to sth●ˈkeep sth to sthto use only one thing or a limited number or amount of sth; to make sure that the number or amount of sth does not become any bigger than a particular size仅使用（一种或数量有限的东西）；将（数量）控制在（一定范围内）◆We’ve decided to keep to pale colours for the bedroom. 我们决定卧室只用淡颜色。◆I’m trying to keep the number of guests to a minimum. 我正设法把来宾人数控制在最少。[v + prep][v + n/pron + prep]●ˌkeep sth to yourˈselfto not tell anyone about sth or what you think about sth对…秘而不宣；不将…说出来◆I know who’s won, but I’m keeping it to myself. 我知道谁赢了，但我会保密的。◆Keep your opinions to yourself in future! 今后把你们的意见藏在肚子里！◆ (figurative) Keep your hands to yourself! (= do not touch me) 别碰我！OBJopinions[v + n/pron + prep + pron]●ˌkeep toˈgether●ˌkeep sb/sth toˈgetherto remain together in a group; to make sb/sth do this（使）在一起，不分开◆Keep together, kids, when we cross the road. 孩子们，咱们过马路时一起走。◆Use a paper clip to keep your papers together. 用纸夹把你的文件夹在一块儿。[v + adv][v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n] (less frequent) ●ˌkeep sb ˈunder (BrE) to control sb控制；压制◆The local people are kept under by the army. 当地居民受军队管制。SYNoppress sb (more formal) [v + n/pron + adv]●ˌkeep ˈup🔑1.if rain, snow, etc. keeps up, it continues without stopping（雨、雪等）持续不停◆The rain kept up all afternoon. 雨下了整整一下午。2.(with sb/sth)to move at the same rate or speed as sb/sth（与…）齐步前进◆I had to run to keep up with him. 我得跑步才能跟上他。OPPfall behind, fall behind sb/sth3.to work at the necessary speed so that you progress at the same speed as other people（与…）进度相同；跟上进度◆She’s having trouble keeping up with the rest of the class. 她跟不上同班同学。◆Do keep up! I can’t keep repeating everything. 跟上！我不能每句话都重复。4.(with sth)to rise at the same rate as sth else（与…）同步上升◆Salaries are not keeping up with inflation. 工资的增长赶不上通货膨胀。5.(with sth)to do all the work necessary in order to finish on time or deal successfully with a situation that changes rapidly按时完成（必要的任务）；处理好（瞬息万变的局面）◆We’re finding it hard to keep up with demand. 我们觉得难以及时满足需求。◆Things were happening too fast to keep up with. 事态发展太快，令人跟不上趟儿。[v + adv]●ˌkeep sb ˈupto prevent sb from going to bed or from sleeping使熬夜；使不睡觉◆I hope we’re not keeping you up. 但愿我们没有耽误你睡觉。◆The baby kept us up half the night. 孩子弄得我们半夜才睡。[v + n/pron + adv]●ˌkeep sth ˈup🔑1.to continue sth at the same, usually high, level; to continue to practise or observe sth使保持（高）水准；继续实行（或遵守）◆Keep up the good work! 继续好好干吧！◆You’re doing a great job! Keep it up! 你干得很好！继续努力！◆We kept up a fast pace all the way. 我们一路上一直走得很快。◆We’re having difficulty keeping up our mortgage payments. 我们难以继续按期偿还按揭贷款。◆The press is keeping up the pressure on the government. 报界继续向政府施压。◆Do you still keep up your Portuguese? 你的葡萄牙语还在学着吧？OBJit, pace, pressure, tradition2.to prevent sth from falling down使不掉下◆You’ll have to wear a belt to keep your trousers up. 你得系皮带，以免裤子掉了。OBJtrousers/pants SYNhold sth up3.to make sth stay at a high level使处于高水平；使不低落◆High transport costs are keeping food prices up. 高昂的运费使食品价格居高不下。◆They sang songs to keep their spirits up. 他们唱歌以保持情绪昂扬。OBJprice, spirits, strength, morale4.to keep a house, garden/yard, etc. in good condition by spending money on it or working hard on it维修，维护，保养（房屋、花园等）◆The house is becoming too expensive for them to keep up. 他们渐渐难以负担房子昂贵的维修费用。SYNmaintain sth[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n] ●keep up apˈpearancesto hide the true situation and pretend that things are better than they are保持体面；维持门面◆There’s no point keeping up appearances when everyone knows we’ve lost. 大家都知道我们遭受了损失，没必要打肿脸充胖子。●keep your ˈchin up! (informal) used to tell sb to remain cheerful in difficult circumstances振作起来；别气馁▸ˈupkeep
noun
[uncountable]1.the cost or process of keeping a building, piece of land, etc. in good condition（建筑、土地等的）保养（费），维修（费）◆Who is responsible for the day-to-day upkeep of the house? 谁负责房屋的日常维护？2.the cost or process of giving a child or an animal the things that they need抚养（费）；饲养（费）●ˌkeep ˈup with sbto continue to be in contact with sb by writing, phoning or seeing them regularly与（某人）保持联系◆How many of your old school friends do you manage to keep up with? 你还和多少老同学保持联络？[v + adv + prep]●ˌkeep ˈup with sth🔑1.to learn about the news, events, etc. that are happening了解（最新消息、形势等）◆I try to keep up with current affairs. 我尽可能了解时事。◆Susie likes to keep up with the latest fashions. 苏茜喜欢追逐时尚。2.to continue to pay or do sth regularly继续按时支付；继续定时做（某事）◆He couldn’t keep up with the repayments on the loan. 他无力继续偿还贷款。◆Are you keeping up with your homework? 你还在按时写作业吗？[v + adv + prep]
