break /breɪk/ (broke /BrEbrəʊk; NAmEbroʊk/ , broken /BrEˈbrəʊkən; NAmEˈbroʊkən/ ) ► SEE ALLbreak awaybreak downbreak sth downbreak inbreak sb/sth inbreak sth inbreak into sthbreak offbreak sth offbreak sth offbreak outbreak sth outbreak out in/into sthbreak through break throughbreak through sthbreak through sthbreak upbreak up (with sb)break sb upbreak upbreak sb/sth upbreak up (into sth)break sth up (into sth)break sb up break sth upbreak with sb/sth break with sth ●ˌbreak aˈway1.(from sth)if an object breaks away from sth that is holding it in place, it becomes separated from it脱离；脱开◆The boat had broken away from its moorings. 船起锚了。2.(from sb)to escape suddenly from sb who is holding you or keeping you prisoner脱逃；挣脱◆The prisoner broke away from the guards. 犯人挣脱了看守。3.(from sb/sth)to leave a group or an organization, such as a political party or a state, because of a disagreement, usually in order to form a new one脱离，退出（集团或组织，通常指另立门户）◆Several MPs broke away to form a new party. 几名下院议员分离出去，组建了一个新的政党。◆Two states broke away from the federation. 两个州脱离了联邦。4.(from sb/sth)to move away from a group of people or a crowd（从一组人、人群中）离开，脱开◆She managed to break away from the pack (= in a race) and establish a lead. 她总算甩开了其他赛跑选手，确立了领先优势。◆He broke away from the group and came over to talk to us. 他离开那帮人，过来和我们说话。5.(from sb/sth)to reject a tradition or the usual way of doing things and do sth new and different抛弃（习惯）；破除（传统）；破旧立新◆The company is trying to break away from its traditional image. 公司正试图摆脱其传统形象。[v + adv]▸ˈbreakaway
adjective
[only before noun] a breakaway group, political party or part of a country is one that leaves a larger group（从集团、政党或国家中）分离出来的◆a breakaway faction / movement / republic 分离出来的派系／独立运动／独立出来的共和国▸ˈbreakaway
noun
[singular] an act of separating from a larger group/state, etc.脱离；分裂●ˌbreak ˈdown🔑1.if a vehicle, etc. breaks down, it stops working because of a fault（车辆等）出故障，出毛病◆The washing machine has broken down again. 洗衣机又坏了。◆We (= our car) broke down twice on the way home. 在回家的路上我们的车抛锚了两次。➡ SYNONYMS 同义词辨析break down break down ◇ crash ◇ go down ◇ go wrong These are all verbs that can be used when a machine stops working because of a fault.这些动词都表示机器出故障、出毛病、失灵。 break down (of a machine or vehicle) to stop working because of a fault（机器或交通工具）出故障，出毛病The washing machine has broken down again.洗衣机又坏了。We (= our car) broke down on the motorway.我们在高速公路上抛锚了。 NOTEBreak can be used on its own, but is not used to talk about vehicles * break 可单独使用，但不用于指交通工具My watch has broken.我的手表坏了。▸ breakdown
noun
a breakdown on the motorway在高速公路上抛锚 crash (of a computer or computer system) to stop working suddenly（计算机或计算机系统）突然崩溃，死机Files can be lost if the system suddenly crashes.如果系统突然崩溃，文件可能会丢失。 go down (of a computer system) to stop working temporarily（计算机系统）暂停工作，暂停运行The system is going down in ten minutes.十分钟后系统将暂停运行。 go wrong to stop working correctly出毛病；出故障The new television set will contain fewer components to go wrong.新电视机的元件中会出故障的将更少。 WHICH WORD? Machines, devices and parts inside machines and vehicles can go wrong; whole vehicles cannot. If sth goes wrong, it may not stop working completely, as it does if it breaks or breaks down. When computers or computer systems crash, this is always sudden and unexpected; when a system goes down, it may have been turned off deliberately while work is carried out on it. * go wrong 用于指机器、装置以及机器和车辆的零件出故障，而不用于指整辆车。go wrong 并不表示完全停止工作； break 和 break down 则有此义。crash 通常指计算机或计算机系统突然、意外地停止运行； go down 可能指在系统工作时有意关闭系统。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONSthe TV / the DVD player / my watch has broken / gone wrongthe washing machine has broken down / gone wrongmy car has broken downmy computer has gone wrong / crashedthe computer system has crashed / gone down2.if talks, a marriage, etc. break down, they fail（谈判、婚姻等）失败，破裂◆Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. 双方的谈判破裂了。◆Their marriage broke down after three years. 结婚三年后，他们分手了。3.to lose control of your feelings and start crying情不自禁地哭起来◆As she drove away, I just broke down and wept. 她开车远去时，我不禁失声痛哭。4.if your health breaks down, it becomes very bad（健康）恶化，崩溃◆Her health broke down as a result of the strain. 她因过度劳累，身体垮了。5.(into sth)to be divided into parts so that it is easier to discuss, to analyse or to deal with分成（若干部分）◆My weekly budget breaks down as follows: 50% for rent, 20% for food, 10% for travel, and 20% for everything else. 我每周的预算分项列明如下：租金 50%，食物 20%，交通 10%，其他 20%。◆The job breaks down into seven parts. 这项工作分为七部分。➡ see also break sth down (3)6.(into sth)if a substance breaks down, it separates into different parts or changes into sth else in a chemical process（化学变化中物质）分解，转化◆Some pesticides break down safely in water. 有些杀虫剂可在水中安全分解。➡ see also break sth down (4)[v + adv]▸ˈbreakdown
noun
1. [countable] an occasion when a vehicle or a machine stops working（车辆或机器的）故障，损坏◆We had a breakdown on the way home. 在回家的路上我们的车抛锚了。◆a breakdown truck 抢修车；救险车2. [countable, uncountable] a failure of talks, a marriage, law and order, etc.（谈判、婚姻的）失败，终止；（治安的）瘫痪◆a breakdown in communication 通讯中断◆They were both responsible for the breakdown of their marriage. 对婚姻的破裂他们双方均有责任。3. [countable] a period of mental illness when sb becomes tired, depressed and unable to lead a normal life神经衰弱；精神崩溃◆He had a nervous breakdown last year. 他去年患了神经衰弱。4. [countable, usually singular] detailed information or figures that are the results of dividing sth into its parts to explain it more clearly细目；细分◆Get me a breakdown of how the money was spent. 给我一份这笔钱的支出分类细账。5. [uncountable] the act of dividing a substance into its parts in a chemical process（化学变化中的）分解▸ˌbroken-ˈdown
adjective
[only before noun]1. (of a vehicle or a machine车辆或机器) not working出故障的；坏了的◆a broken-down car 抛锚的汽车2.in a poor condition状况差的；破败的◆a broken-down wall 剥落的墙壁●ˌbreak sth ˈdown1.to make sth fall down or open by hitting it hard打倒；砸破◆They had to get the police to break the door down. 他们不得不请警察来撞开门。OBJdoor SYNknock sth down2.to destroy or remove sth, especially a problem or an attitude or opinion that sb has破除，消解（问题、态度或看法）◆Our aim is to break down barriers that exist between teachers and parents. 我们的目标是消除教师和家长之间的隔阂。OBJbarriers3.(into sth)to separate sth into smaller parts in order to analyse it or deal with it more easily对…进行分类；细分◆I’ve broken down the costs by country. 我把费用按国别进行了划分。◆The company was broken down into smaller units. 公司拆分成了较小的单位。◆The question can be broken down into two parts. 这个问题可以分为两部分。➡ see also break down (5)4.(into sth)to make a substance separate into its parts or change in a chemical process使分解；使转化◆Enzymes in the mouth and stomach break the food down. 口腔和胃里的酶将食物分解。➡ see also break down (6)[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]●ˌbreak ˈin🔑1.to enter a building illegally or by force非法闯入；强行进入◆Somebody broke in last night and stole the PC and video. 昨天夜里有人闯进屋里，偷走了电脑和录像机。◆The firefighters had to break in to rescue them. 消防队员不得不破门而入营救他们。➡ see also break into sth (1)2.(on sth)to interrupt sb when they are speaking or doing sth打断；打搅◆He apologized for breaking in on their conversation. 他为打断了他们的谈话而道歉。◆Mary broke in: ‘It’s not her fault!’ 玛丽插嘴说：“这不是她的错！”1[v + adv]2[v + adv][v + adv + speech]▸ˈbreak-in
noun
an entry into a building using force, usually illegally非法闯入；强行进入◆There has been a series of break-ins in the area. 这个地区接二连三发生了数起破门入户案件。●ˌbreak sb/sth ˈinto train a person so that they get used to a new job or situation; to train a horse so that you can ride it让（新来者）适应新工作（或新环境）；训练（马匹）◆We try to break newcomers in gently. 我们努力让新手逐渐适应环境。◆The horses hadn’t been broken in. 那些马还没经过训练。[v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]●ˌbreak sth ˈin1.if you break in new shoes or boots, you wear them until they become comfortable把（新鞋）逐渐穿得合脚◆It took me weeks to break in these new boots. 我穿了几个星期后，这双新靴子才渐渐合脚。OBJboots, shoes SYNwear sth in2. (NAmE) (in the past) to prepare the engine of a new car for normal use by driving it slowly and carefully（旧时）磨合，试用（新车）OBJcar SYNrun sth in (BrE) [v + adv + n][v + n/pron + adv]●ˌbreak ˈinto sth🔑1.to enter a building, open a car, etc. illegally and by force非法强行闯入（建筑）；撬开（汽车）◆A thief can break into a car in under ten seconds. 窃贼十秒钟之内就能把车撬开。◆Three houses in our street have been broken into this week. 我们这条街本星期有三户人家被盗。OBJhouse, car2.to suddenly begin to do sth such as laugh, shout, run, etc.突然开始（大笑、欢呼、奔跑等）◆He broke into a run when he saw the police. 他看见了警察，撒腿就跑。◆Her face broke into a huge smile. 她立刻笑容满面。◆The audience broke into applause. 观众爆发出热烈的掌声。OBJa smile/grin, a run/trot, song, laughter3. (BrE) to use a note/bill of high value to buy sth costing less找开，兑开（大面值钞票以支付小额费用）◆I didn’t want to break into a twenty-pound note. 我并不想破开一张 20 英镑的钞票。4.to interrupt sb’s thoughts干扰，扰乱（思路）◆Her mother’s voice broke into her thoughts. 她母亲的说话声打断了她的思绪。OBJthoughts SYNdisturb sth5.to start to get involved in an activity and be successful at it, especially when this is difficult成功参与；顺利打入◆The company is having difficulty breaking into new markets. 公司在打入新市场时遇到了困难。◆She is trying to break into journalism. 她正努力跻身新闻界。OBJmarket6.to open and use sth that you have been saving for an emergency or a special occasion启用（应急备用品）◆I had to break into my savings to pay for the trip. 我不得不动用积蓄来支付旅行费用。[v + prep]●ˌbreak ˈoff🔑●ˌbreak sth ˈoff🔑1. ( ˌbreak sth ˈoff sth) to separate sth from sth else, using force; to become separated from sth in this way（用力）把…折断；断开◆The leg of the table just broke off. 桌子腿断掉了。◆A corner of her tooth had broken off. 她的一颗牙掉了一个角。◆He broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it to me. 他掰下一块巧克力给我。➡ SYNONYMS 同义词辨析break (sth) off break (sth) off ◇ chip (sth) off ◇ snap (sth) off These verbs all refer to a piece of sth becoming separated from the rest as a result of force or damage.这些动词都表示折断、断开。 break (sth) off to become separated from sth as a result of force; to separate a piece of sth in this way折断；断开The back section of the plane had broken off.飞机尾部已经折断。She broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it to me.她掰下一块巧克力给了我。 chip (sth) off to damage sth by breaking a small piece off it; to become damaged in this way碰下（碎片等）；剥落The plaster had chipped off and no repairs had been done.灰泥已出现剥落，却没人修缮过。 snap (sth) off to break off suddenly with a sharp noise; to break sth off in this way啪的一声突然折断The branch she was standing on must have snapped off.她站在上面的那根树枝肯定是咔嚓一下折断了。He snapped a twig off a bush.他啪的一声从灌木上折下细枝。 WHICH WORD? Chip off is used for materials like glass, paint or bone; snap off is used for objects which tend to break easily under pressure. Break off is the most general of these verbs. * chip off 用于指玻璃、油漆、骨头等材料； snap off 用于指受力易折断的物体。这些动词中，break off 含义最宽泛。2.to stop speaking or stop doing sth suddenly before you have finished（突然）停顿，暂停◆He broke off abruptly in the middle of a sentence. 他一句话刚说了半截忽然停住不说了。◆We had to break off our holiday and return home immediately. 我们不得不中止休假立刻回家。◆They broke off their conversation as I approached. 我一走近，他们就中断了交谈。1[v + adv][v + adv + n][v + n/pron + adv][v + n/pron + prep]2[v + adv][v + adv + n][v + pron + adv][v + n + adv] (rare) ●ˌbreak sth ˈoffto end sth such as a relationship结束，终止（关系等）◆They’ve broken off their engagement. 他们解除了婚约。◆Britain threatened to break off diplomatic relations. 英国威胁要断绝外交关系。◆They were having an affair but she broke it off. 他们原本有私情，但是她甩了他。OBJdiplomatic relations, engagement, talks/negotiations, affair SYNterminate (formal) [v + adv + n][v + pron + adv][v + n + adv] (rare) ●ˌbreak ˈout🔑1.if sth unpleasant such as a fire, a war, etc. breaks out, it starts suddenly（火灾、战争等）突然发生，爆发◆They would have got married in 1939 if war had not broken out. 要不是爆发战争，他们在 1939 年就结婚了。◆A fire broke out on a ferry yesterday. 昨天一艘渡轮突然失火。SUBJwar, fire, fighting, row, violence2. ( ˌbreak ˈout of sth) to escape from a place or from a situation逃离；脱身◆Two terrorists have broken out of Blackwall Prison. 两名恐怖分子从布莱克沃尔监狱脱逃。◆She longed to break out of the daily routine. 她渴望摆脱单调无趣的日常生活。3.if sth breaks out on your skin, your skin becomes covered in sth（皮肤）布满◆Sweat broke out all over his body. 他浑身冒汗。◆ (NAmE) I keep breaking out (= I keep getting lots of spots). 我脸上老是长粉刺。[v + adv]2also[v + adv + prep]▸ˈbreakout
noun
1.an escape from prison越狱2. (especially NAmE) an occasion when you get spots on the face, etc.长粉刺◆I’m prone to breakouts on my forehead. 我额头容易长粉刺。▸ˈoutbreak
noun
the start of sth or the sudden appearance of sth unpleasant or violent突然发生；突发◆the outbreak of war 战争的爆发◆an outbreak of food poisoning 食物中毒事件◆outbreaks of rain 骤雨●ˌbreak sth ˈout1.to get sth ready to be used, eaten, drunk, etc.预备好，备妥（用品、食物、饮料等）◆That’s wonderful news! Let’s break out the champagne! 真是个大好消息！咱们把香槟酒拿出来庆祝吧！OBJchampagne2.(by sth) (NAmE) to separate information into categories in order to study it more closely把（信息）分门别类；对…条分缕析◆The survey does not break data out by race. 这一调查并没有将数据按不同种族进行归类。◆It is useful to break out results by state. 把结果按州分类大有益处。OBJdata[v + adv + n][v + pron + adv][v + n + adv]▸ˈbreakout
noun
the separation of information into categories in order to study it more closely（信息的）分类，归类◆Breakouts were organized into ten regions. 信息按十个地区分类。●ˌbreak ˈout in/into sthto suddenly become covered in sth such as sweat突然布满（汗水等）◆He broke out in a cold sweat at the thought of the trial. 一想到审判，他冒出一身冷汗。◆My skin has broken out in an itchy rash. 我的皮肤上突然起了一片令人发痒的皮疹。OBJsweat, rash[v + adv + prep]●ˌbreak ˈthrough (especially NAmE) to achieve your first important success in sth; to make an important or new discovery获得初次重要成功；取得重大新发现；突破◆Scarlett Johansson broke through as a star with ‘Lost in Translation’. 斯嘉丽・约翰逊因影片《迷失东京》而崭露头角，成为一颗新星。◆Scientists believe they have broken through in their fight against the disease. 科学家认为他们在防治这一疾病方面已经取得突破。NOTEThe phrase to make a breakthrough is used more often than to break through * to make a breakthrough 比 to break through 更常用◆Scientists have made a major breakthrough in their fight against AIDS. 科学家在防治艾滋病方面已获重大突破。[v + adv]▸ˈbreakthrough
noun
an important discovery or development; sb’s first important success in sth重大发现（或进展）；初次重要成功；突破◆an important breakthrough in the negotiations 谈判中的重大突破◆Jo was only 19 when he got his breakthrough as a DJ. 乔作为流行音乐节目主持人崭露头角之时年仅 19 岁。●ˌbreak ˈthrough●ˌbreak ˈthrough sth1.to make a way through a barrier using force冲破，突破（障碍）◆He ran towards the barrier in an attempt to break through. 他向路障冲去，想硬闯过去。◆Demonstrators tried to break through the police cordon. 示威人群试图冲破警方的警戒线。OBJbarrier2. (of the sun or moon太阳或月亮) to appear from behind sth从…后面露出◆The sun finally broke through in the afternoon. 下午阳光终于破云而出。◆It stopped raining and the sun broke through the clouds. 雨停了，太阳从云层后钻了出来。➡ see also break through sth[v + adv][v + prep]●ˌbreak ˈthrough sth1.to become greater in size or quantity than a particular level超过，超越（某一水平）◆Unemployment figures have broken through the three million barrier. 失业人数突破了三百万大关。2.to succeed in dealing with a problem, such as an attitude that sb has突破（僵局）；解决（问题等）◆I tried hard to break through his silent mood. 我努力尝试打破他的沉默。◆Women are starting to break through the barriers that keep them out of top management. 女性开始冲破阻碍，走上顶级管理岗位。SYNovercome sth (more formal) ➡ see also break through, break through sth[v + prep]●ˌbreak ˈup🔑1. (especially BrE) if a school or the children in it break up, school closes for the holidays at the end of a period of the school year (a term)（学校或学生）期末放假◆We break up for Christmas next week. 我们下个星期放假过圣诞节。◆Have the schools broken up yet? 学校放假了吗？2. (of a relationship, a band, etc.关系、乐队等) to come to an end; to stop working together结束；解散◆Their marriage broke up after ten years. 他们的婚姻在十年后破裂了。◆There are rumours that the band is breaking up. 据传那支乐队要散伙了。SUBJmarriage3. (usually used in the progressive tenses通常用于进行时) if the connection between two telephones, or two radios that are used for sending and receiving messages, is breaking up, the people speaking can no longer hear each other clearly（通话声音或无线信号）变弱，变模糊◆The signal was breaking up. 信号变得模糊了。◆I’m sorry—what did you say? You’re breaking up. 对不起——你刚才说了些什么？声音听不清。▸ˈbreak-up
noun
[countable, uncountable] the ending of a marriage or a relationship（婚姻或关系的）破裂，结束◆He moved away after the break-up of his marriage. 他离异之后就搬走了。◆marriage break-up 婚姻破裂[v + adv]●ˌbreak ˈup (with sb)🔑●ˌbreak sb ˈup🔑to end a relationship with sb（与…）解除关系；（使）断绝关系◆Rob and I broke up last week. 上个星期我和罗布吹了。◆She’s just broken up with her boyfriend. 她刚和男朋友分手。◆I can’t believe my best friend is really trying to break us up! 我简直不能相信我最好的朋友正在想方设法拆散我们！SYNsplit up(with/from sb), split sb up[v + adv][v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]●ˌbreak ˈup●ˌbreak sb/sth ˈup1.(into sth)if a group of people or a family breaks up, or sb breaks it up, the members separate and do not stay together（使）（集团或家庭）分解，分裂◆The conference broke up into discussion groups. 会议进行分组讨论。◆She had never intended to break up his family. 她从未想过要拆散他的家庭。◆The Soviet Union began to break up in 1991. 苏联于 1991 年开始解体。SYNsplit up(into sth), split sb/sth up(into sth)2.if a group of people who are gathered together break up, or sb breaks them up, they go away in different directions（使）（聚集的人）散开，解散◆The meeting broke up after two hours. 会议开了两个小时后散会了。◆Police broke up the demonstration. 警察驱散了示威人群。◆I don’t want to break up the party(= I don’t want to make everyone else leave), but I have to go. 我不想搅散聚会，可我得走了。[v + adv][v + pron + adv][v + n + adv] (less frequent) ▸ˈbreak-up
noun
[countable, uncountable] the division of a company, a country, an organization or a group of people into smaller parts（公司、国家、组织或群体的）解体，瓦解◆the break-up of the Soviet Union 苏联的解体◆family break-up 家庭分裂●ˌbreak ˈup (into sth)🔑●ˌbreak sth ˈup (into sth)🔑if sth breaks up, or sb/sth breaks it up, it becomes separated into smaller pieces（把整体）拆开，拆散◆The ship broke up on the rocks. 船触礁撞散了架。◆Break the chocolate up into small pieces. 把巧克力掰成小块。◆Sentences can be broken up into clauses. 句子可以分解成子句。[v + adv][v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]➡ SYNONYMS 同义词辨析break (sth) up break (sth) up ◇ shatter (sth) ◇ smash sth up ◇ splinter (sth) These verbs all refer to sth breaking into lots of small pieces.这些动词都表示分裂、碎裂、破裂。 break (sth) up to separate, or make sth separate, into smaller pieces, either carefully or violently（使）分裂，破裂Break up the chocolate and place it in a bowl.把巧克力掰成小块，放在碗里。The ship broke up on the rocks.船触礁撞散了架。 shatter (sth) to suddenly break into small pieces; to make sth do this碎裂；打碎The explosion shattered all the windows in the building.爆炸震碎了大楼里的所有窗户。 smash sth up to destroy sth deliberately（蓄意）毁坏，摧毁，捣毁Youths had broken in and smashed the place up.一群年轻人闯了进来，把这个地方砸得一片狼藉。 NOTESmash can be used on its own, but is not used to talk about buildings, etc. * smash 可单独使用，但不用于指建筑物等She flew into one of her rages and started smashing crockery.她又一次大发雷霆，开始摔碗砸盆。 splinter (sth) (of wood, glass, stone or bone) to break into long, thin, sharp pieces; to make sth break in this way（使）（木头、玻璃、石块或骨头）裂成碎片The mirror cracked but did not splinter.这面镜子开裂了，但是没碎。 WHICH WORD? People smash things deliberately; things shatter or get shattered as a result of explosions, flying bullets, stones, etc. * smash 是指蓄意弄碎； shatter 则是指因爆炸震碎或因射出的子弹、投掷的石块等击中而碎裂The thief smashed a window to get into her car.窃贼砸碎了车窗，钻进了她的车子 。Windows were shattered in the blast.爆炸把窗户震碎了。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONSthe glass / mirror smashed / shattered / splinteredto smash / shatter a glass / mirror / window / windscreenhis smashed / shattered / splintered bones / skull / wristto smash / smash sth up / shatter / break (sth) up into small / a thousand pieces●ˌbreak sb ˈup (old-fashioned, NAmE) to make sb laugh a lot使纵声大笑◆Watching my grandson blow bubbles just broke me up. 看着孙子吹泡泡，让我乐不可支。SYNcrack sb up (informal) [v + n/pron + adv][v + adv + n]●ˌbreak sth ˈupto make sth that is rather boring, such as a period of time or a pattern, more interesting by adding sth different to it给（乏味的事物）增添趣味；调剂（生活等）◆I break up my day by going for a walk in the afternoon. 我下午会散散步，调节一天的生活。◆Drawings were used to break up the page. 插图使页面生动不少。OBJday, monotony[v + adv + n][v + pron + adv][v + n + adv] (less frequent) ●ˈbreak with sb/sth (formal) to end your connection or relationship with sb/sth because you no longer agree with them（因分歧）与…绝交，与…决裂◆Nick broke with his father to set up his own firm. 尼克与父亲分道扬镳，创办了自己的公司。[v + prep]●ˈbreak with sth (formal) to reject sth such as a tradition or the past and decide to do sth different摈弃，破除（传统、成例等）；破旧立新◆The prince broke with tradition by going to study abroad. 王子打破了传统，去国外读书了。◆The new directors are eager to break with the past. 新一届董事急于与过去决裂。OBJtradition, the past[v + prep]