be /bi, strong formbiː/ (am/is/are, being, was/were, been) ► SEE ALLbe after sthbe at sb be at sthbe awaybe before sbbe behind sbbe behind with sthbe downbe down on sbbe down to sbbe down to sthbe/go down with sthbe inbe in for sth be/get in on sth be (well) in with sbbe into sthbe offbe off sb/sthbe off for sth be onbe on sbbe on sthbe on about sth be/go/keep on at sbbe onto sb be onto sthbe outbe out for sthbe out to do sthbe out of sthbe over sbbe over sthbe past it be through (to sb)be through (with sb/sth) be upbe up against sbbe up against sthbe up before sbbe up for sthbe up to sbbe up to sth be upon sb ●be ˈafter sthto be trying to get or obtain sth追求；追逐◆Several people in the office are after the same job. 办公室里有几个人在争同一个职位。◆She’s being too nice. I wonder what she’s after. 她友好得过了头。我倒想知道她图的是什么。➡ note at look for sb/sth[v + prep]●be ˈat sb (informal, especially BrE) ➡be/go/keep on at sb●be ˈat sthto be busy doing sth忙于；专注于◆He’s been at his essay all night. 他整夜都在写文章。◆I’ll be at it all day tomorrow. 我明天一整天都会处理这件事。[v + prep] ●be ˈat it (informal) 1.to behave badly; to argue or fight不守规矩；争吵；打架◆The kids are at it again. 孩子们又闹起来了。2.to have sex性交；做爱●be aˈway🔑to not be at home, especially when you are on holiday/vacation or on a business trip外出（尤指度假或出差）◆We’ll be away for the month of August. 我们 8 月要外出。◆He’s away on business at the moment. 他出差去了。[v + adv]●be beˈfore sb➡be up before sb●be beˈhind sbto give sb your support支持；做…的后盾◆Don’t forget that we’re behind you all the way. 记住我们会一直支持你。[v + prep]●be beˈhind with sthto be late doing sth, such as paying a bill, your rent, etc.拖欠（付账、交租金等）；耽搁；逾期◆We’re behind with the mortgage repayments. 我们没有按时偿还按揭贷款。◆I’m behind with my college assignments. 我没及时完成大学作业。[v + adv + prep]●be ˈdownif a computer system is down, it is not working（计算机系统）出故障；（计算机）停机◆Surely your computer isn’t down again? 你的计算机不会又坏了吧？[v + adv]●be ˈdown on sbto treat sb severely or unfairly对…苛责；对…不公◆He’s been really down on me lately. 他最近特别跟我过不去。[v + adv + prep]●be ˈdown to sb1.to be the responsibility of sb是…的责任◆It’s down to you to help them now. 现在该你帮助他们了。SYNbe up to sb2.to be sb’s fault是…的过错◆All this trouble is down to Matt. 所有这些麻烦都怪马特。[v + adv + prep]●be ˈdown to sthto have only a little money left（钱）所剩无几，只剩一点◆I’m down to my last dollar. 我只剩最后一块钱了。[v + adv + prep]●be/go ˈdown with sthto have or catch an illness生，得，染（病）◆Gill’s down with flu. 吉尔患了流感。[v + adv + prep]●be ˈin1.to be in fashion时髦；入时◆Miniskirts are in this season. 本季流行超短裙。2.to be elected to a political position当选（政治职位）◆The Democrats are in for another term. 民主党人获选连任。[v + adv]●be ˈin for sth (informal) to be going to experience sth soon, especially sth unpleasant即将面临（尤指令人不快的事）；势必遭受◆She’s in for a shock. 她会大吃一惊的。◆It looks like we’re in for a storm. 看来我们要遭遇暴风雨了。[v + adv + prep]●be/get ˈin on sth (informal) to have a share in or knowledge of sth; to be or become involved in sth知道；参与；涉足◆Are you in on the secret? 你知道这个秘密吗？◆I’d like to be in on the deal. 我很想参与这桩交易。[v + adv + prep]●be (well) ˈin with sbto be (very) friendly with sb and likely to get an advantage from the friendship同…关系（非常）亲密（尤指可从中获得好处）[v + adv + prep]●be ˈinto sthto have a taste for or an interest in sth爱好；对…感兴趣◆Are you into jazz? 你喜欢爵士乐吗？◆He’s been into trains since he was a small boy. 他从小就喜爱火车。[v + prep]●be ˈoff1.to leave; to go, especially in a hurry离开；（匆忙）走开◆I must be off. 我得走了。2.to have gone bad and not be fit to eat or drink（食物）变质◆This milk is off. 牛奶坏了。3.if a dish in a restaurant is off, it is not available（饭店菜单上的菜）无法供应，断档◆I’m afraid the liver is off today. 肝今天恐怕没有了。[v + adv]●be ˈoff sb/sth1.to have no interest in sb/sth; to have stopped liking sb/sth对…不感兴趣；不再喜欢◆She can’t be well. She’s been off her food all week. 她一定是生病了。她整个星期都没胃口。◆That’s it. I’m off men for life. 我算是受够了，这辈子我再也不找男人了。2.to have finished speaking on the telephone打完（电话）◆Isn’t he off the phone yet? 他电话还没打完吗？[v + prep]●be ˈoff for sth (informal) to have a particular amount of sth（某物）有某一数量◆How are we off for coffee (= how much have we got)? 我们还有多少咖啡？[v + adv + prep]●be ˈon1. (of an event, a show, a performance, etc.活动、演出、表演等) to be happening; to take place在进行中；举行◆Is the party still on? 聚会还没散吗？2. (of a performer表演者) to be on the stage; to perform在台上；演出◆Who’s on next? 下面该谁上台？◆We’re on after the band. 我们这个乐队之后上场。3. (of food食物) to be cooking在烹调中◆Are the potatoes on? 土豆烧上了吗？[v + adv] ●you’re ˈon (informal) used when you are accepting a bet or a challenge我跟你赌；我接受你的挑战●be ˈon sbif sth such as drinks, food, tickets, etc. are on sb, they are paid for by that person（饮料、食物、票等）由…支付，由…付账◆The drinks are on me tonight. 今晚的酒水钱我来付。[v + prep]●be ˈon sth1.to be taking medicine, a drug, etc.在服用（药物、毒品等）◆She’s been on the pill for ten years. 她服避孕药有十年了。◆I’m on strong painkillers. 我在服用强效止痛药。2.to be talking to sb on the telephone在通电话◆She’s been on the phone for hours. 她打电话有好几个小时了。3.to be eating or drinking sth在吃；在喝◆I’m on my third coffee already this morning. 这是我今早喝的第三杯咖啡了。[v + prep] ●what are you ˈon? (informal) used when you are very surprised at sb’s behaviour and are suggesting that they are acting in a similar way to sb using drugs（指对方行为失常）你吃错药了吧？●be ˈon about sth (informal, especially BrE) to talk about sth, often in a boring way; to mean sth谈论；唠叨；意思是◆He’s always on about how much money he earns. 他总爱唠叨他赚多少钱。◆What are you on about? (= I don’t understand) 你究竟是什么意思？[v + adv + prep]●be/go/keep ˈon at sb ( be ˈat sb) (informal, especially BrE) to try to persuade sb to do sth by talking about it very often and in an annoying way反复劝说；不断纠缠◆I’ve been on at my husband to go to the doctor, but he won’t. 我再三规劝我丈夫去看医生，可他就是不去。SYNnag sb[v + adv + prep][v + prep]●be ˈonto sb (informal) 1.to become aware that sb has done sth wrong or illegal and be trying to catch them盯上（犯错者）；追捕（违法者）◆The police aren’t onto us yet. 警察还没盯上我们。2.to talk to sb about sth, especially to complain about sth or ask them to do sth向…投诉；要求…采取行动◆I’ve been onto the council about the noise. 我已经向委员会投诉过噪声问题了。[v + prep]●be ˈonto sthto have found or discovered sth that could have very good results for you or for sb else找到，发现（有用的线索、有益的事物）◆She could be onto something (= she might have discovered sth that will prove important). 她可能有了重大发现。[v + prep]●be ˈout1.to have stopped work as a protest and be on strike罢工◆The postal workers are still out. 邮政职工还在罢工。2.to be no longer in prison出狱；获释◆I’ve heard Smith’s out now. 我听说史密斯出狱了。3.if a jury (= a group of people who decide the results of a competition or whether or not sb is guilty of a crime)is out, they are still trying to make a decision（评委会或陪审团）在裁决中，在审议中4.to be no longer in fashion不流行；过时◆Black is out this year. 今年不时兴黑色。◆Politeness seems to be out of fashion these days (= no one is polite any more). 如今讲礼貌似乎已经过时了。5.if an action, for example, is out, it is not possible or is not allowed（行动等）不可能，不允许◆Shall we get together one evening next week? Monday’s out—I’ve got a French class. 我们下星期找个晚上聚一聚吧？星期一不行——我有法语课。[v + adv] ●the jury is (still) ˈout on sthused when you are saying that sth is still not certain（某事）仍未定夺，悬而未决◆The jury is still out on whether wine can be good for you. 葡萄酒对人是否有好处尚无定论。●be ˈout for sth●be ˈout to do sthto be trying very hard to do sth or to get sth力图；一心一意要；竭力寻求◆He’s out for revenge. 他一心要报复。◆Everyone’s just out for what they can get these days (= they are trying to get things for themselves). 如今每个人都只顾谋求私利。◆The German team want to win this game, but Brazil are out to stop them. 德国队想赢下这场比赛，但是巴西队会尽全力阻止他们。[v + adv + prep][v + adv + to + inf]●be ˈout of sthto have used up a supply of sth and have nothing left用光；耗尽；使枯竭◆We’re out of sugar. 我们的糖吃完了。[v + adv + prep]●be ˈover sbto have returned to your usual state of happiness after the end of a relationship（和某人感情结束后）心情恢复过来◆It was hard at first, but I’m over him now. 和他分手之初很难过，但现在我对他没感觉了。[v + prep]●be ˈover sthto have returned to health after an illness病愈；恢复健康◆He’s over the flu now. 他的流感好了。[v + prep]●be ˈpast it (informal) used to show that you think sb is so old that they can no longer do anything useful or interesting年老无用；年老无趣◆The children laughed at him and said he was past it. 孩子们嘲笑他，说他年老不中用了。[v + prep + it]●be ˈthrough (to sb)to be connected to sb on the telephone（和某人）接通电话◆You’re through now. 您的电话接通了。◆You’re through to the manager now. 您可以和经理通话了。[v + adv]●be ˈthrough (with sb/sth) (especially NAmE) to have finished using or doing sth; to have finished a relationship with sb使用完（某物）；做完（某事）；（与某人）分手◆Aren’t you through yet? You’ve been ages! 你还没完成？你真是没完没了！◆He promised he was through with drugs. 他保证过不再吸毒。◆Keith and I are through. 基思和我吹了。[v + adv]●be ˈup1.to be awake醒来；醒着◆You’re up early. 你醒得真早。◆I’ve been up all night. 我整夜没合眼。2. (of the wind, the sea, etc.风、海等) to have increased in strength or become violent增强；变猛◆In the morning the wind was up and we got ready for a day’s sailing. 早晨风更大了，我们为一天的航行作好了准备。3. (informal) (of a drink, a meal, etc.饮料、饭菜等) to be ready已准备好；已预备好◆Tea’s up! Come and get it. 茶沏好了！过来喝吧。4.(with sb)used to say that sth is happening, especially sth unusual or unpleasant（不同寻常或令人不快的事）发生了，进行中◆You look terrible! What’s up? 你气色很不好！出什么事儿了？◆I couldn’t understand what was up with George. 我不明白乔治是怎么了。➡ SYNONYMS 同义词辨析be up be amiss ◇ be up ◇ be wrong These verbs all describe sth that causes problems or difficulties or that is not as it should be.这些动词都表示出现问题、困难或异常。 be amiss (formal) to be wrong; to be not as it should be不正常；有毛病She sensed there was something amiss and called the police.她感觉情况有点不大对头，于是报了警。 be up (informal) used to say that sth is happening, especially sth unusual or unpleasant（尤指不同寻常或令人不快的事）发生，进行What's up? Are you OK?怎么了？你没事儿吧？I could tell something was up by the look on his face.从他的脸色，我就看出出事儿了。 be wrong to cause problems or difficulties; to be not as it should be出问题；有困难；不正常Is anything wrong? You look worried.出什么事儿了？你一副愁眉苦脸的样子。‘What's wrong?’ ‘Oh, nothing.’“怎么了？”“哦，没事儿。”There's something wrong with the printer.打印机出故障了。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONSthere is sth wrong / up / amiss with sb / sthto be seriously wrong / amissto be badly wrongis anything wrong / up?what's wrong / up?[v + adv] ●what’s ˈup? (informal) used to say hello to sb（问候语）你好吗，最近忙些什么呢●be ˈup against sbto be playing against sb in a game, competition, etc.（比赛、竞争等中）对手是◆We’re up against some tough competition this year. 今年我们面临激烈的竞争。[v + adv + prep]●be ˈup against sthto be facing problems or difficulties面对（问题）；面临（困难）◆With three players injured, they were really up against it(= in a difficult situation). 三名队员受了伤，他们的情形实在不妙。◆Do you realize what you’re up against? 你明白自己的处境吗？[v + adv + prep]●be ˈup before sb ( be beˈfore sb) to appear in court or before a judge上法庭，出庭（面对法官）◆He’s up before the judge tomorrow. 他明天出庭受审。[v + adv + prep][v + prep]●be ˈup for sth1.to be considered for sth, especially as a candidate for a job, in an election, etc.作为…的考虑对象；是…的候选人◆She’s up for promotion. 她就要升迁了。◆ (informal) There are 50 tickets up for grabs(= available for people who ask quickly). 现有 50 张票，先来先得。2.to be for sb to buy供出售；待售◆I see your house is up for sale. 我看到你的房子要出售。◆A Picasso is up for auction. 有一幅毕加索的画要拍卖。3. (informal) to be ready to take part in an activity准备参加（活动）◆The new job will be a challenge, but I’m up for it. 新工作将是一个挑战，但是我已准备应战。[v + adv + prep]●be ˈup to sb🔑1.to be sb’s responsibility or duty是…的责任；是…的职责◆It’s up to you to make sure the house is kept tidy. 保持房屋整洁是你的责任。SYNbe down to sb2.to be left to sb to decide由…决定；取决于◆‘Shall we go out? ’ ‘I don’t know. It’s up to you.’ “我们出去好吗？”“我不知道。你来决定吧。”[v + adv + prep]●be ˈup to sth (informal) 🔑1.to be busy doing sth, especially sth bad忙于（尤指做坏事）◆What have you been up to lately? 你近来忙些什么呢？◆The kids are quiet—I’m sure they’re up to no good (= they are doing sth bad). 孩子们静悄悄的——我敢肯定他们没在干什么好事。2.to be as good as people expect符合期待；达到◆Was your meal up to standard? 你的饭菜够标准吗？[v + adv + prep]●be uˈpon sb (formal) to be going to happen very soon即将发生◆The election is almost upon us. 选举在即。[v + prep]
