1.(difficult life conditions)艰难；困苦
The pleasures and hardships of pioneer life are conveyed in his new novel.他新出版的小说传达了拓荒生活的快乐和艰辛。
the hardship experienced by many who are out of work许多失业者都经历过的困苦
2.(something causing suffering)苦处；令人痛苦的事
One of the worst hardships is having so little time to spend with one's family.最大的痛苦之一是陪家人的时间非常少。
3.economic hardship
(for country)经济困难
a long winter of war and economic hardship一个战火纷飞、经济匮乏的漫长冬季
(for person)贫穷；拮据
He was facing economic hardship.他正面临着经济拮据。