| 词组 | work |
| 释义 | work [worked, worked, working] work against work against sb/sth if something works against you, it makes it harder for you to achieve something: ▪ In those days the company career structure tended to work against women and prevent them from getting to the top. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑count against work around work around/round sth to organize what you are doing so that you are able to do it in spite of things that could have stopped you or limited you: ▪ I agree that this is a major problem, but we'll just have to work around it. ▪ It soon became clear that it wasn't possible to work around the existing law. work around/round to work around/round to sth to very gradually prepare yourself or other people for something that you are going to say or do, for example because it is difficult or embarrassing: ▪ It was a difficult subject to talk about with my boss, and I knew that I must work around to it gradually. ▪ Martin was clearly working round to saying something, so I waited to hear what it was. work at work at sth to try hard to improve or achieve something: ▪ Budd always had a terrible temper, and really had to work at self-control. work at it ▪ If you work at it, your reading will improve over time. work at doing sth ▪ This year we've worked hard at expanding the business, and it's done very well. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑work on work away work away to keep working hard for a long time: ▪ At the studio we were able to see engineers and technicians working away in the control room. + at ▪ I went round the back and found Jake working away at a table he was making. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑beaver away BrE informal, ↑slog away BrE informal work in 1. work sth in • work in sth to add one substance to another and mix them together thoroughly: ▪ Add the butter to the flour and work it in with your fingers. 2. work sth in • work in sth to rub a soft substance into a surface until it disappears completely: ▪ Using a cloth, work the wax in well, and allow it to dry before polishing the wood. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑rub in 3. work in sth • work sth in to cleverly include something in a speech or a piece of writing: ▪ During the interview he managed to work in a reference to his new book. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑slip in work into 1. work sth into sth to add one substance to another and mix them together thoroughly: ▪ Gradually work the remaining flour into the dough. 2. work sth into sth to rub a soft substance into a surface until it disappears completely: ▪ Work the cream gently into your skin. ■ SIMILAR TO: rub (into) 3. work sth into sth to cleverly include something in a speech or a piece of writing: ▪ He managed to work a few jokes into his talk. 4. work yourself into a state/rage/frenzy etc to become very angry or upset about something, especially something that is not very important: ▪ She's worked herself into a real state about her electricity bill. ■ SIMILAR TO: work yourself up work off 1. work off sth • work sth off to get rid of an unpleasant feeling, for example anger or worry, by doing something that uses energy: ▪ If I feel aggressive and frustrated at the end of the day, I sometimes go swimming to try and work it off. ▪ It's often a good idea to work off some of your tension by walking to the interview. 2. work off sth • work sth off to do something that uses energy after you have eaten a lot, in order to stop yourself getting fat or so that you feel less full: ▪ Physical exercise is good for working off those extra calories. ▪ I suggested going for a long walk, to try and work off the enormous lunch we'd had. 3. work off sth • work sth off to pay back a debt by earning the money you owe, or by working without pay for the person who lent you the money: ▪ The company managed to work off billions of dollars of debt incurred in the 1980s. ▪ I'm not taking out another loan - it took me years to work off the last one. 4. work off sth if a piece of equipment works off a particular supply of power, it uses that supply to make it work: ▪ The alarm works off the car's own battery. work on 1. work on sth to work in order to produce or achieve something: ▪ At the time of her death she was working on a new novel. ▪ Are you working on any films at the moment? ▪ The company is working on a new version of its world-famous 'Beetle' car. 2. work on sth to spend time trying to improve something in order for it to be successful: ▪ Chris is a very strong player, but he still needs to work on his technique. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑work at 3. work on sth to spend time working to repair something: ▪ He spends most of his weekends working on his motorbike. 4. work on sb to keep trying to persuade or influence someone, for example so that they will agree to do something, or to let you do something: ▪ The authorities still don't want to put traffic lights on the bridge, but we're working on them. ▪ I've been working on my mum to let me have a motorbike for ages now. work out 1. work out sth • work sth out to calculate the answer to a problem that involves numbers, amounts, prices etc: ▪ "How much will all the building work cost?" "I haven't worked out the exact figures yet." ▪ Francis sat down to work out how much of his salary he would have to save each year. ■ SIMILAR TO: calculate 2. work out sth • work sth out to think carefully about something in order to decide what you should do or how you should do it: ▪ Rod's spent over an hour working out the best route to take. ▪ UN negotiators were busy working out a way to end the dispute. + what/where/how etc ▪ We know what we're aiming at, but we still have to work out how to put it into practice. have it all worked out (=have completely planned how you are going to do something) ▪ I have no idea how to do this, but Sid says he has it all worked out. 3. work out sth • work sth out especially BrE to succeed in understanding something by thinking carefully about it + what/why/how etc ▪ She finally managed to work out how to switch the machine on. ▪ There was obviously something wrong, but I couldn't work out what it was. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑figure out, ↑suss out spoken, especially BrE work sb out BrE to understand someone's character or why they behave as they do: ▪ Don looked at her, puzzled. He was still trying to work this girl out. can't work sb out ▪ I can't work Geoff out, one day he's friendly and the next he ignores me completely. ■ SIMILAR TO: make sb out, figure sb out 4. work out if the cost of something works out at a particular amount, that is what it costs when you calculate the figures + at ▪ At the end of the evening, the meal worked out at $15 each. + to be ▪ The total cost of advertising works out to be about $900 million annually. work out expensive/cheap etc (=be expensive or cheap) ▪ If we go by taxi, it's going to work out very expensive. 5. work out if something works out, it is successful: ▪ The marriage didn't work out, and we split up after two years. ▪ About three years ago, I made a decision to open a restaurant, and luckily for me it's all worked out perfectly. 6. work out if a situation works out in a particular way, it happens or develops in that way work out well/badly etc ▪ Financially, things have worked out very well for us. ▪ At the time, the situation seemed hopeless, but in the end it all worked out fine. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑turn out 7. work out to do physical exercises, especially regularly, in order to make your body fit and strong: ▪ I've started to work out in the gym two or three times a week. workout n C a period of physical exercise or training: ▪ Then we went and had a shower and breakfast, just what we needed after a good workout. 8. work itself out if a problem or a difficult situation works itself out, it gradually becomes less and less difficult until it stops existing: ▪ There are always problems when you start something new like this, but they usually work themselves out in time. ■ SIMILAR TO: resolve itself 9. be worked out if a mine is worked out, all the coal, gold etc has been removed from it. A mine is a place where coal, gold etc is dug out of the ground.: ▪ The mine, which is in the Forest of Dean, is almost worked out now, after 700 years of use. ■ SIMILAR TO: be exhausted 10. work out your notice/your contract to continue to do your job until the end of a fixed period of time that you had agree to work: ▪ She's resigned, but she still has to work out her three months' notice. work over work sb over • work over sb informal to hit someone hard many times: ▪ The gang tied him to a chair and worked him over, until they got tired and left him, half dead. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑beat up, ↑do over BrE spoken informal work round ► see ↑work around/round work through 1. work through sth • work sth through to deal with a problem or difficulty by discussing it in detail until you find a solution you are happy with: ▪ Mann feels that he has a special relationship with Lofte that will enable them to work through any differences. ▪ If neither of you wants a divorce, then you'll just have to work it through. ▪ Conflicts of interest were bound to happen, and they had to be worked through by negotiation and bargaining. 2. work through sth • work sth through to deal with strong feelings of anger, sadness, guilt etc by talking or thinking about them until you feel more in control of them or understand them better: ▪ When someone close to you dies, you need support, so that you can work through your grief. ▪ Tom's fear of relationships had to be explored and worked through. 3. work through • work through sth if the result of a decision or an action works through, it gradually has an effect: ▪ It always takes time for a change in policy to work through. ▪ The educational reforms will work through the system slowly, over several years. 4. work through to continue working for a long period without stopping for a break: ▪ Liz starts work at 5.30 pm. and works through until midnight. work towards work towards/toward sth to try hard to achieve something that can only be achieved gradually, over a period of time: ▪ The two sides have been working toward an agreement for several months. ▪ The government is working towards greater openness and less secrecy. work up 1. work up sth • work sth up if you work up a feeling such as courage, interest, or sympathy, you try to make yourself feel it, especially with difficulty: ▪ We'd already lost one game, and we couldn't work up any enthusiasm for another. work up the courage/energy to do sth ▪ The boys were obviously watching us, and working up the courage to speak to us. ▪ I'm so tired I can't even work up the energy to go to bed. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑summon up 2. work up an appetite/thirst to make yourself feel hungry or thirsty, by taking some exercise or waiting a long time before you eat or drink: ▪ We went for a brisk walk along the beach to work up an appetite for dinner. 3. be worked up to feel very angry, excited, or upset about something: ▪ Mel seemed to be very worked up about something. get worked up (about sth) ▪ Tim's always late, so there's no point in getting so worked up about it. ■ SIMILAR TO: be agitated 4. work sb up to make someone feel upset, worried, or excited: + into ▪ He was a brilliant speaker and knew exactly how to work his audience up into a state of excitement. work yourself up ▪ Stop working yourself up over nothing and let's have a drink. 5. work sth up • work up sth to produce a final plan, design, or piece of writing from the ideas or information that you have: ▪ U-Haul worked up the design for the posters and Dial Corp is printing them. + into ▪ I'd like you to take detailed notes, and work them up into a report later. 6. work up to gradually increase the amount of something that you do or take regularly: ▪ In general with this drug, it's best to start with a low dose and then work up. + to ▪ Start with ten minutes of exercises each day and work up to half an hour. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑build up 7. work up a sweat to take enough exercise to make your body get hot and start to sweat (=produce liquid from your skin): ▪ You need to run two or three miles a day, just enough to work up a sweat. work up to 1. work up to sth • work sb up to sth to gradually get ready to do something that seems difficult, or tell someone something that seems embarrassing: ▪ Topaz suddenly realized that Tim was working up to a proposal of marriage. work up to doing sth ▪ I hope you're not working up to telling me that you can't pay me what you owe. work yourself up to doing sth ▪ They've been working themselves up to asking for a pay rise, but I don't think they'll get it. ■ SIMILAR TO: lead up to sth 2. work up to sth to gradually do more of something, or do something that is more and more difficult, until you reach a particular level: ▪ If I were you I'd do the easy questions and then work up to the more difficult ones. ■ SIMILAR TO: build up to sth |
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