| 词组 | lay |
| 释义 | lay [laid, laid, laying] lay about lay about sb old-fashioned to attack someone by hitting them violently: ▪ His attackers began laying about him with sticks. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑lay into informal, ↑set about especially literary lay aside 1. lay aside sth • lay sth aside to stop doing something or stop thinking about something, especially so that you are able to do something else: ▪ The two communities will have to lay aside their differences and learn to live in peace with each other. ▪ He had laid aside his own business commitments in order to help his wife. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑set aside, ↑put aside 2. lay aside sth • lay sth aside to keep something, especially money, and not use it now, so that you can use it in the future: ▪ They had laid aside a small amount of money each month in order to deal with just this type of emergency. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑set aside, ↑put aside lay before lay sth before sb/sth to give something to a parliament, court, person in authority etc to consider, so that they can make a decision, make a new law, give advice etc: ▪ Legislation was laid before Parliament last spring, banning the sale of handguns. ▪ Based on the evidence laid before the court, there was only one possible verdict - guilty. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑put before lay down 1. lay down sth • lay sth down to officially establish a rule or way of doing something, or say officially what someone should do: ▪ The Geneva Convention lays down conditions for the treatment of prisoners of war. ▪ The right of every American to bear arms is laid down in the US constitution. + that ▪ The Sex Discrimination Act lays down that men and women should receive equal pay for equal work. ■ SIMILAR TO: stipulate formal, ↑set down 2. lay down your weapons/arms/guns etc to stop fighting, or agree to give up your weapons: ▪ Many of the soldiers had already begun to lay down their arms before the final peace treaty was signed. ▪ The IRA has so far refused to lay down any of its weapons, and can continue its campaign of violence at any time. ■ SIMILAR TO: surrender formal 3. lay down the law to tell someone very firmly what they should or should not do, especially in a way that annoys or upsets them: ▪ Her father had started laying down the law about what time she was supposed to come back home. 4. lay down sth • lay sth down to establish something that will develop in the future: ▪ The course aims to lay down the basis for a career in teaching. ▪ The foundations of future health are laid down in childhood. ■ SIMILAR TO: establish 5. lay down sth • lay sth down technical if you lay down a wine, you store it and keep it for several years, in order to improve its taste: ▪ Maison du Vin has a wide range of fine Bordeaux wines which are suitable for laying down. 6. lay down a challenge to ask someone if they will try to compete with you or defeat you, or do something very difficult, especially something that no one has been able to do before: ▪ Following the challenge laid down by President Kennedy in the early 60s, the first Americans finally landed on the moon in 1969. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑throw down 7. lay down your life formal to give up your life in order to help other people, for example in a war to defend your country: ▪ a memorial to the soldiers who laid down their lives in the First World War ■ SIMILAR TO: give your life 8. lay down sth • lay sth down formal to give up something, for example your right to something: ▪ Britain has so far been unwilling to lay down its claim to sovereignty over the Falkland Islands. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑give up, ↑abandon, renounce formal 9. lay down sth • lay sth down usually passive if a layer of something such as rock is laid down, it forms gradually and becomes a solid mass: ▪ deposits of limestone which were laid down millions of years ago lay for lay for sb AmE informal old-fashioned to wait for someone so you can attack them: ▪ He threatened to lay for me later if I didn't stop talking to his girlfriend. lay in lay in sth • lay sth in to obtain and store a supply of something so that you can use it in the future: ▪ The villagers have begun laying in supplies of food and firewood for the winter. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑get in, ↑stock up, ↑hoard lay into 1. lay into sb/sth informal to criticize someone or something very strongly, especially in a way that seems unreasonable or unfair: ▪ When I got home my wife started laying into me because I'd forgotten it was our wedding anniversary. ▪ Spielberg laid into his critics in a recent article in Newsweek magazine. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑rip into informal 2. lay into sb informal to attack someone and hit or kick them: ▪ Her husband laid into the photographer with his fists and grabbed his camera from him. ■ SIMILAR TO: attack lay off 1. lay off sb • lay sb off to stop employing a worker because there is not enough work for him or her to do: ▪ Thousands of workers in the auto and steel industries were laid off during the recession of the late 1980s. ▪ The company has recently suffered huge losses and has been forced to lay off some of its employees. ■ SIMILAR TO: make redundant lay-offs n plural when a company stops employing workers because there is not enough work for them to do: ▪ There are expected to be lay-offs at Rover's Longbridge factory because of the fall in demand for new cars. 2. lay off sth to stop doing or having something, especially in order to rest or because it may have a bad effect on your health: ▪ His doctors have told him to lay off the drugs and the all-night partying. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑stay off lay-off n C usually singular a period when you stop doing something: ▪ Shearer returns to football next week after a 3 month lay-off due to injury. 3. lay off sb spoken to stop annoying, upsetting, or hurting someone: ▪ Listen, just lay off will you? She doesn't need you telling her what to do. ▪ Lay off him Jonno! He's never done anything to you. ■ SIMILAR TO: leave sb alone lay on 1. lay on sth BrE to provide something, especially food or entertainment, or cars, buses etc in order to take people somewhere: ▪ The organizers had laid on a huge meal for everyone who took part in the race. ▪ Special buses were laid on to take the fans to the airport. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑provide 2. lay it on ( thick) informal to describe or complain about something in a way that makes it seem much worse or more serious than it really is: ▪ Whenever Claire's ill she always lays it on and makes out she's about to die, even if it's only a cold. ■ SIMILAR TO: exaggerate informal to praise someone too much and talk a lot about how much you admire them, in a way that seems insincere: ▪ He kept saying what a wonderful boss she was, and really laying it on. ■ SIMILAR TO: exaggerate 3. lay sth on sb AmE informal to tell someone something that they did not know before and that is unpleasant or annoying: ▪ I hate to lay this on you, but it looks like you own $400 in taxes this year. 4. lay sth on sb to give someone something such as a responsibility, job, or problem that is difficult to deal with: ▪ I'm sorry to lay this on you, but we need someone to give a talk in Italy next week. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑saddle with, ↑lumber with lay on/upon ! Lay upon is more formal than lay on and is mostly used in writing. lay stress/emphasis on/upon sth to say or consider that something is particularly important or necessary: ▪ Great emphasis is laid on trying to help students develop skills that will be useful to them in later life. ▪ The Pope laid emphasis upon the need for a peaceful end to the crisis in Kosovo. ■ SIMILAR TO: put stress/emphasis on/upon lay out 1. lay sth out • lay sth out to put or arrange something on a surface: ▪ Ashi laid out the clothes she was going to wear that day on the bed. ▪ The plates were already laid out for the evening meal. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑put out 2. lay out sth • lay sth out usually passive to arrange or plan the way something is organized - use this especially about a building, town, or garden, or the design of a book, magazine etc: ▪ The palace gardens are laid out in the same style as the ones at Versailles. ▪ The magazine is badly laid out, and it is often difficult to find what you want. layout n C the way something is arranged or designed, for example a building, town, garden, or a page in a book, magazine etc: ▪ a change from the traditional newspaper layout ▪ The layout of the office makes it possible for the boss to watch us all while we are working. 3. lay out sth • lay sth out to explain your plans or reasons for doing something clearly and in detail, in an official document or speech: ▪ The Director General laid out his plans for the future of the BBC. ▪ Israel and Jordan have laid out plans for a peace agreement. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑set out, outline 4. lay out sth • lay sth out informal to spend money on something, especially a large amount of money: ▪ I've already had to lay out $500 for the course fees. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑shell out informal, ↑fork out informal outlay n singular, U the amount of money that you have to spend in order to buy something or start doing something: ▪ For a relatively small outlay you can acquire a second home in one of the most beautiful parts of Europe. ▪ She wasn't hoping to make a huge profit, she just wanted to get back her initial outlay. 5. lay out AmE to lie in the sun: ▪ We laid out by the pool all afternoon. ■ SIMILAR TO: sunbathe 6. lay sb out to hit someone so hard that they become unconscious: ▪ She swung her umbrella at him, and practically laid him out. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑knock out 7. lay out sth/sb • lay sth out/sb to prepare a dead body so that it can be buried: ▪ Evita Peron's body was laid out in a glass-topped coffin. lay up 1. be laid up informal to have to stay in bed because you are ill or injured: ▪ Both his legs were broken and he was laid up for nine months. + with ▪ Chas isn't coming in to work today - he's laid up in bed with flu. 2. be laid up if a boat, car, or piece of equipment is laid up, it is stored somewhere while it is not being used: ▪ All the fishing boats were laid up for the winter. ▪ The limousine had been laid up during the war and last ran in 1962. 3. lay up to hide or stay somewhere without doing anything for a period of time: ▪ Captain Warr's men laid up all the following day, expecting to be attacked at any moment. ▪ The otters find shelter in the undergrowth by the river and lay up there during the day. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑hide out, ↑hole up 4. lay up problems/trouble (for yourself) to do something that will cause problems for yourself in the future: ▪ I really think that anyone who goes out with a married man is just laying up trouble for themselves. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑store up 5. lay up sth • lay sth up to collect and store a supply of something so that you can use it in the future: ▪ The villagers were already laying up firewood for the winter. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑store up, ↑stock up, ↑get in |
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