| 词组 | hold |
| 释义 | hold [held, held, holding] hold against hold sth against sb to feel angry, upset etc with someone because of something they did in the past, or to have a bad opinion of them because of something about them hold it against sb ▪ "I know I've been a bit silly," said Claudia "but please don't hold it against me." hold sth against sb ▪ Lack of experience won't be held against you - we offer a full training programme. hold back 1. hold back sth/sb • hold sth/sb back to prevent something or someone from moving forward or coming near to something: ▪ A great wall of rocks and earth was built to hold back the rising water. ▪ Police did their best to hold back hundreds of screaming fans. ■ SIMILAR TO: restrain, ↑keep back 2. hold sb/sth back • hold back sb/sth to prevent someone or something from developing or making progress: ▪ Many students are held back at school by poor reading skills. ▪ High interest rates have held back Ecuador's economic growth. ▪ the male-dominated society which has held women back for so long 3. hold back sth • hold sth back • hold back to stop yourself from showing how you feel, especially with difficulty hold back tears ▪ Struggling to hold back her tears, Justine watched him get onto the plane. hold back laughter ▪ In the end she couldn't hold back the laughter any longer. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑keep back 4. hold back • hold sb back if you hold back or something holds you back, you do not immediately do or say something that you have thought of doing or saying, especially because you are not sure if it is the right thing to do, or because you feel nervous: ▪ The president's instinct was to send in the military, but he decided to hold back. hold back from doing sth ▪ Although Sam was a good man, Martha had held back from agreeing to marry him - he was dull. something holds sb back ▪ Just for a moment she was tempted to tell him, but something held her back. 5. hold sth back • hold back sth to keep something secret: ▪ You're sure you're telling me everything - you're not holding anything back? + from ▪ Campaigners claim that information has been held back from them. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑keep back 6. hold back sth • hold sth back if you hold money back, you do not give it to someone for a period of time, although they were expecting to have it: ▪ Congress had threatened to hold back $5 million in aid until a peace agreement is signed. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑keep back hold down 1. hold sb/sth down • hold down sb/sth to make someone or something stay in the same place and stop them from moving: ▪ It took four policemen to hold him down. ▪ The roof consisted of sheets of corrugated iron, held down with stones. 2. hold down sth • hold sth down to prevent the level of something from increasing - especially prices, wages etc: ▪ Colleges must hold down tuition fees to attract more students. ▪ an agreement that holds wage increases down ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑keep down 3. hold down a job to succeed in keeping or doing a job for a fairly long period of time: ▪ He's never held down a job for longer than a few weeks. ▪ Linda was completely exhausted from trying to hold down full-time job. as well as looking after the home. 4. hold down sb • hold sb down to keep people under strict control or limit their freedom in a way that is not fair or reasonable: ▪ a race of people held down for centuries by invaders and conquerors ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑keep down, oppress formal 5. hold sth down • hold down sth to stop food coming up from your stomach and out of your mouth when you are feeling sick: ▪ I gave him some water, but he couldn't even hold that down. ▪ Patients might find it difficult to hold down solid food for a few days after the treatment. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑keep down ■ OPPOSITE: bring up 6. hold down the noise/hold it down AmE spoken informal used to tell someone to be quieter or stop talking: ▪ Hey, could you hold it down in there please? I can't even hear myself talk! hold forth hold forth to talk or give your opinion about something for a long time, especially in a way that is boring for other people: ▪ Edward, now on his fifth pint, was holding forth in the corner of the bar. + on/about ▪ Politicians are always holding forth on standards in education, but they know nothing about teaching! hold off 1. hold off • hold off sth to delay doing something: ▪ If you need a computer but have been holding off because of the expense, now is a good time to buy. hold off (on) doing sth ▪ We've decided to hold off making an announcement until next week. ▪ The Federal Reserve may hold off on raising interest rates. ■ SIMILAR TO: postpone, ↑put off, delay 2. hold off sb • hold sb off to prevent someone from being successful when they are trying to attack you, defeat you, or cause you problems: ▪ They managed to hold off their attackers until the police arrived. ▪ United held off a strong attack in the second half to record a 3-2 victory in the opening game. ▪ The company is in deep trouble - they need to raise $15 million to hold off their creditors. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑fend off 3. hold off if rain or snow holds off, it does not start falling, although it looks like it will soon: ▪ It looks like snow's on the way - I hope it holds off until we get home. hold on 1. hold on to hold something tightly, especially to stop yourself from falling or losing what you are holding: ▪ No matter how hard Josie pulled, the dog wouldn't let go of the stick - it just held on and snarled. hold on tight ▪ Nancy got onto the back of the bike and held on tight, terrified she would fall off. hold on for dear life (=hold something very tightly because you are afraid) ▪ Jake clung to the branch, holding on for dear life. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑hang on, cling on 2. hold on spoken informal to wait for a short time - used especially when telling someone to wait hold on a minute/moment etc ▪ Can you hold on a moment - she's just coming. hold on! (=used to tell someone to wait for a short time) ▪ The key must be here somewhere. Hold on, I'll find it. sb can't hold on much longer ▪ I'm afraid I can't hold on much longer, I've got a taxi waiting. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑hang on, ↑wait 3. hold on spoken informal used on the telephone to tell someone to wait while you find the person they want to talk to: ▪ "Can I speak to Chris?" "Yeah, hold on." do you want to hold on? ▪ Cathy's extension is busy; do you want to hold on? ■ SIMILAR TO: hang on! spoken informal 4. hold on! spoken informal used when you want someone to stop what they are saying and listen to you, especially when you are surprised or confused about something: ▪ Hold on, what are you talking about? hold on a minute/second ▪ Now hold on a minute, that's my money, not yours. ■ SIMILAR TO: hang on! spoken informal, ↑hang about BrE spoken informal 5. hold on to succeed in preventing a team, player, or army from defeating you, even though they are very strong or powerful: ▪ Despite a difficult first period, New York Islanders held on for a 4-3 win over the Toronto Tigers. ▪ The defenders were able to hold on for several weeks. 6. hold on to succeed in continuing to exist or do something, even though the situation is very difficult: ▪ The company managed to hold on, in spite of the recession. 7. hold on if someone who is very ill holds on, they succeed in staying alive with great difficulty: ▪ Ed looked dreadful lying in that hospital bed - you could see he was just barely holding on. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑hang on hold onto/hold on to 1. hold onto/on to sth to hold something tightly, especially to stop yourself from falling or losing what you are holding: ▪ She held on to the counter to steady herself. ▪ The youths tried to grab the cash from him, but he held onto it and they ran off. ■ SIMILAR TO: hang onto, grip 2. hold onto/on to sth to keep something, and not give it to someone else, throw it away etc: ▪ It's a beautiful picture, you should hold onto it. ▪ Hold onto the receipt in case you need to take the dress back to the shop. hold onto sth for sb (=keep something that belongs to someone else and look after it for them) ▪ I've got nowhere to put this table. Could you hold on to it for me for a while? ■ SIMILAR TO: hang onto, ↑keep 3. hold onto/on to sth to succeed in keeping something, when there is a danger that you will lose it: ▪ workers struggling to hold onto full-time jobs ▪ Although rebel forces have managed to capture the city, they won't be able to hold on to it for long. ▪ Holyfield held onto his World Heavyweight title, after a controversial fight with Britain's Lennox Lewis. ■ SIMILAR TO: hang onto, ↑keep 4. hold onto/on to sth to continue to have a hope or belief, even though it is difficult or you feel less sure about it: ▪ We're taught to hold onto the American dream - the belief that everyone can be successful if they work hard. ▪ I hold on to the philosophy that people are basically good, in spite of all that's happened. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑cling to/cling on to 5. hold onto/on to sb to put your arms around someone and hold them tightly when you want to comfort them, when they are upset etc: ▪ "I'm so worried," she whispered, holding onto him. hold out 1. hold out sth • hold sth out to stretch forward your arm in order to give or show what you are holding to someone: ▪ "Have you seen this?" Casey said, holding out a piece of paper. ▪ The woman took the cup, drank the water, and held it out for more. hold out your hand/hold your hand out (=stretch forward your arm, especially to shake hands with someone or to take something from them) ▪ She moved forward, holding out her hand. "Welcome to New York!" 2. hold out if a supply of something holds out, there is enough for you to use, but only for a limited period of time: ▪ I'll stay as long as the money holds out. ▪ It hasn't rained for weeks - do you reckon the water will hold out? ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑last 3. hold out to try to prevent change or prevent yourself from being forced to do something: ▪ The Council wants to buy the land, but the owners are holding out and refusing to sell. hold out against sth/sb ▪ Republicans are determined to hold out against proposals to increase welfare spending. holdout n C AmE a person, country etc that refuses to accept change or does not agree with something, even when most others do: ▪ France is one of the few holdouts against worldwide information technology. 4. hold out to continue to defend yourself against an enemy attack without being defeated: ▪ The rebels held out for as long as they could. hold out against sth/sb ▪ Serbian forces held out against a massive bombardment by NATO warplanes. 5. hold out the possibility/prospect/promise of sth to suggest that something good might happen in the future or to make it seem likely to happen: ▪ The Central Bank held out the possibility late Monday of another cut in interest rates. ▪ Bateson's research holds out the promise of a much wider project. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑offer 6. not hold out much hope to not think that something good is likely to happen or to have a good result: ▪ I'm going to try and give up smoking again, but I don't hold out much hope. ▪ "How's Ellen?" "The doctors say they don't hold out much hope, I'm afraid." hold out for hold out for sth to refuse to accept anything less than what you have asked for: ▪ Personally, I'm holding out for $30 an hour. ▪ It's clear that the company was trying to hold out for a higher price. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑insist on/upon hold out on hold out on sb informal to refuse to give someone information that they need, or something that you have promised to give them: ▪ I'm sure they know what happened, but they're holding out on me. hold over 1. hold sth over sb to use information about someone or your power over them to make them do what you want, especially by threatening them in some way: ▪ My brother held that secret over me for thirty years. ▪ The captain is holding this threat over Johnson: if he doesn't turn up to training, he loses his place in the team. 2. hold sth over • hold over sth to arrange to do something or for something to happen at a later time: + for ▪ If you're too busy, we can hold this over for another day. ▪ The race has been held over until next week. ■ SIMILAR TO: postpone, ↑put off 3. be held over AmE if a film, concert etc is held over, it is shown for longer than planned because it is very popular: ▪ Come see "Pulp Fiction", held over for another week. holdover n C AmE something or someone that existed or was used in the past and still exists or is used in the present: ▪ The idea of a permanent job is a holdover from yesterday's world. ▪ The only holdover in the new production is Kathleen Hegierski as Olga. hold to 1. hold sb to sth to make someone do what they have promised or agreed to do: ▪ "Next time, I'll buy you a drink." "I'll hold you to that!" ▪ The US says it will hold the EU to their side of the agreement. 2. hold sb to a draw/2-2/1-1 etc to prevent the opposing team or player from getting more points or goals than you, so that the final score is 2-2, 1-1 etc: ▪ Manchester United were held to a 2-2 draw by Norwich. 3. hold to sth to refuse to change your beliefs, ideas, principles etc or a decision you have made: ▪ We must hold to principles of fairness and treat everyone equally. ▪ The Minister is expected to hold to his original decision. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑stick to hold together 1. hold sb/sth together • hold together sb/sth to make people, countries etc stay together and not separate, especially when there are difficulties that threaten to separate them: ▪ Marshal Tito managed to hold the country together for almost 40 years. ▪ The only thing that held them together was the kids. ■ SIMILAR TO: unite 2. hold together if people, countries etc hold together, they stay together and do not separate, especially when there are difficulties that threaten to separate them: ▪ The novel tells the story of a family struggling to hold together after the death of a child. ▪ The big question is can the Alliance hold together till the end of the war? 3. hold sth together • hold together sth to prevent something from breaking into separate parts: ▪ The shed was held together by a few old rusty nails. ▪ She tied string round the package to hold it together. 4. hold together to stay in one piece instead of breaking into separate parts: ▪ Press the mixture with your fingers; if it doesn't hold together, add some water. ▪ Don't cut the bottom off the onion - that way it will hold together when you cook it. 5. hold together if a story, plan, explanation etc holds together, it is good and you find it easy to understand or believe: ▪ I don't think his argument holds together. ▪ The plot doesn't hold together; the characters just wouldn't behave like that in real life. 6. hold together if a machine or piece of equipment holds together, it continues to work, although it is not in good condition: ▪ The washing machine will just have to hold together for a bit longer - we can't afford a new one. hold up 1. hold up sth • hold sth up to raise your hand or arm, or something that you have in your hand: ▪ One child at the back of the class held up her hand. ▪ The crowd held up posters demanding his release from prison. 2. hold sth/sb up • hold up sth/sb to delay something or someone, so that something takes longer or happens later than planned: ▪ Protesters held up work on the new road for weeks. ▪ The concert should have started at 8, but a series of problems held things up. ▪ I hope I haven't held you up - it took longer than I thought to get here. get held up ▪ Sorry we're late - we got help up in the traffic. ■ SIMILAR TO: delay, ↑set back hold-up n C a delay that is unexpected but not very serious: ▪ There's been a hold-up with the builders, so the new office won't be ready until next month. ▪ A crash this morning is causing big hold-ups on the M25. 3. hold up sth • hold sth up usually passive to support something and stop it from falling down: ▪ This mirror's only being held up by one tiny hook. ▪ Several of the plants are held up by suckers but others need wire. ■ SIMILAR TO: support 4. hold up sth/sb to stop a vehicle or go into a bank, shop etc with a gun or other weapon and demand money from people: ▪ A gang held up a bus near Chimbote and robbed some 50 passengers. ▪ Stealing money by computer is far easier than holding up a bank. hold sb up at gunpoint/knifepoint ▪ Fraser was charged with another robbery, this time for holding up a cab driver at gunpoint. hold-up n C when someone stops a vehicle or goes into a bank, shop etc with a gun and demands money: ▪ A man was shot dead in a hold-up at a downtown bank yesterday. 5. hold up to continue to be healthy, successful, or at a high level, especially in a difficult situation: ▪ Is she holding up under all the pressure? ▪ Sales held up well in the fourth quarter. 6. hold up if a machine, piece of equipment, or system holds up, it continues to work and does not break, even in difficult conditions: ▪ It will be interesting to see how well the new computer system holds up. ▪ The Range Rover's suspension is designed to hold up even under the most difficult driving conditions. 7. hold up if an idea, explanation, or evidence holds up, it still seems good and right after it has been checked or tested: ▪ Holmes did not believe the man's evidence would hold up in court. ▪ If these findings hold up, scientists will have to develop a completely new theory. ■ SIMILAR TO: ↑stand up hold up as hold sb/sth up as sth • hold up sb/sth as sth to use someone or something as an example, especially an example that other people should copy: ▪ He's only a footballer - he shouldn't be held up as a role model for our kids. ▪ The book is a good guide to investment, but I'm not holding it up as an example for all to follow. hold with sb does not hold with sth if someone does not hold with something, they do not approve of it: ▪ Henry didn't hold with mobile phones - he thought they were the curse of modern life. hold with doing sth ▪ She didn't hold with going to bed with other people's husbands. ■ SIMILAR TO: agree (with) |
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