| 释义 |
hard BrE /hɑːd/
NAmE /hɑːrd/► SEE ALLbe hard at itbe/feel hard done bybe hard on sbbe hard upbe hard up for sthdo/learn sth the hard wayfall on hard timeshard and fast(as) hard as nailshard cashhard cheese(the) hard corehard factshard goinghard luck/lineshard of hearinghard put (to it) to do sthhard pressed/pushed to do sththe hard stuffmake hard work of sthno hard feelingsplay hard to gettake sth hardtoo much like hard worka hard/tough act to followold habits, traditions, etc. die harddrive a hard bargainhard/hot on sb’s heelshit sb/sth harda hard/tough nut (to crack)(caught/stuck) between a rock and a hard place
●be hard ˈat itbe working hard 努力工作◆She’s been hard at it all day.
她一整天都在努力工作。◆When I left at six, he was still hard at it.
我六点钟走的时候，他还在埋头干活。 OPP take it/things easy ●be/feel hard ˈdone by (informal) be/feel unfairly treated 受到不公平的对待；感到委屈◆I think you’ve been hard done by — you worked twice as long as anyone else.
我觉得这对你不公平，你比其他人的工作时间要多一倍。●be ˈhard on sb1. treat, criticize or punish sb too severely 严厉对待（或批评、惩罚）◆Don’t be too hard on little Emma. She didn’t intend to break the cup.
不要对小埃玛那么严厉，她又不是故意打碎杯子的。2. be unfair to sb; be unfortunate for sb 对某人不公平；不幸◆It’s hard on the people who have to work on New Year’s Day.
有人元旦还要上班，真不幸。●be hard ˈup (informal) have very little money 缺钱；贫困◆In those days we were so hard up that meat was a real luxury.
那时候我们太穷了，肉都是奢侈品。 OPP be well off ●be hard ˈup for sthhave too few or too little of sth 缺乏；缺少◆We’re hard up for ideas at the moment.
我们现在一筹莫展。●do/learn sth the ˈhard waylearn sth from experience, especially when this is unpleasant 从惨痛经验中学习；吃了苦头才学会◆I learned the hard way not to trust door-to-door salesmen.
我从自己的惨痛教训中学会了不要相信上门推销的人。◆Why do you always do everything the hard way?
你为什么做什么事都要付出这么大的代价呢？●fall on hard ˈtimesbecome poor 遭逢艰难时世；变穷◆She has fallen on hard times and hardly has enough money to live on.
她的日子变得很艰难，几乎无法维持生计。●ˌhard and ˈfast (of rules, etc. 规则等) that cannot be changed 无法改变的；不容更改的◆These regulations are not hard and fast. They can be changed by general consent.
这些规定并不是不可改变的，只要一致同意就可以改。◆There are no hard-and-fast rules about this.
这事没有什么一成不变的规则。 NOTE Fast in this idiom means ‘fixed’. 这个习语中的 fast 意为“固定的”。 ●(as) hard as ˈnails (of a person 人) not sensitive or sympathetic 迟钝；不敏感；缺乏同情心◆She doesn’t care what happens to anybody. She’s as hard as nails.
她不关心别人如何，真是铁石心肠。●hard ˈcashreal money, not shares, cheques, etc. 现金；现钱◆How much is it worth in hard cash?
这个值多少现金？●hard ˈcheese (BrE, informal) used as a way of saying that you are sorry about sth, usually in an ironic way (= you really mean the opposite) （常作反语）抱歉◆I’ve made my decision — I’m going to sell the car, and if he doesn’t agree with that then it’s hard cheese.
我已经决定要把车卖掉，他要是不同意，就只有抱歉了。●(the) ˌhard ˈcore (BrE) the small central group in an organization, or in a particular group of people, who are the most active or who will not change their beliefs or behaviour 中坚力量；骨干◆It’s only really the hard core that bother(s) to go to meetings regularly.
只有那些坚定的骨干分子才会不怕麻烦定期去开会。▸ ˈhard-core adjective 1. having a belief or a way of behaving that will not change 信念（或行为）坚定的；铁杆的◆a hard-core political activist
信念坚定的政治激进分子2. relating to pornography (= books, videos, etc. that describe or show naked people and sexual acts) of an extreme kind （色情描写）赤裸裸的，露骨的◆hard-core sex magazines
赤裸裸的色情杂志●hard ˈfactsthe real or true facts of a situation, etc. 事实真相◆I’m not interested in your opinion. I want hard facts.
我对你的看法不感兴趣，我只想知道事实。◆This is a newspaper which deals in hard facts, not rumours.
这份报纸报道事实，而非传闻。●ˌhard ˈgoingdifficult to understand or needing a lot of effort 难以理解的；费劲的◆I’m finding his latest novel very hard going.
我发现他最近出版的那本小说非常晦涩难懂。●ˌhard ˈluck/ˈlines (BrE) used to tell sb that you feel sorry for them （用于表示同情）真不幸，真可怜◆‘Failed again, I’m afraid.’ ‘Oh, hard luck.’
“恐怕又没过。”“哦，真可惜。”●hard of ˈhearingunable to hear well 耳背；听觉不灵◆He’s become rather hard of hearing.
他的听觉已经很差了。◆The television programme has subtitles for the hard of hearing.
这档电视节目为听觉不灵的观众提供了字幕。●hard ˈput (to it) to do sth●hard ˈpressed/ˈpushed to do sthable to do sth only with great difficulty 勉强能做某事◆I’d be hard put to name all the countries in the world.
我勉强能说出世界各国的国名。●the ˈhard stuff (informal) strong alcoholic drinks like whisky, brandy, etc. 烈酒（如威士忌、白兰地等）◆a drop of the hard stuff
一点点烈酒●make hard ˈwork of sthmake sth more difficult or complicated than it should be 使更困难；把事情弄复杂◆I don’t know why he’s making such hard work of his maths homework. It’s really quite easy.
我不明白他为什么把数学作业弄得那么复杂，其实挺简单的。●no hard ˈfeelingsused for saying that you would still like to be friendly with sb you have just beaten in a fight, a competition, an argument, etc. （对在打斗、竞争、争论中击败的对手表示友好）别在意◆When he heard that he had won the contract, he turned to his competitor and said, ‘No hard feelings, I hope.’
得知自己赢得了合同，他转身和对手说：“希望你别太放在心上。”●play hard to ˈget (informal) pretend not to be interested in sb/sth in order to increase sb’s interest in or desire for you 故意装出不感兴趣的样子（以抬高自己）；故意拿架子；欲擒故纵◆She’s playing hard to get, but I’m sure she really wants to go out with me.
她故意拿架子，不过我相信她实际上想跟我约会。◆My advice is, play hard to get for a while and they might offer you more money.
我建议你先装出不想卖的样子，这样他们可能会出更高的价格。●take sth ˈhardbe very upset by sth 为某事伤心（或难受）◆He took his wife’s death very hard.
妻子的死让他伤心欲绝。●too much like hard ˈworkso difficult, tiring, etc. that you do not want to do it （因某事）太难（或太累等）而不想做◆This job is a bit too much like hard work for me. I’m going to look for something easier.
这份工作对我而言太难了，我想找个容易点的工作。●a hard/tough act to ˈfollowa person or a group that is so good or successful at sth that it will be difficult for anyone else who comes after them to be as good or successful 难以超越的人（或群体）◆The last head teacher achieved a lot — she’ll be a hard act to follow.前任校长成就卓著，接替者将难以望其项背。 NOTE An act is one of several short pieces of entertainment in a show. * act 是节目中小段文娱表演。 ●old ˌhabits, traˌditions, etc. die ˈhardused to say that things change very slowly 老习惯（或传统等）难改掉，难消灭；根深蒂固◆‘Even though she’s retired, she still gets up at 6 a.m.’ ‘Well, I guess old habits die hard.’“尽管她已经退休，但她仍旧早上 6 点起床。”“唉，我想这是旧习难改吧。”▸ ˈdiehard noun , adjective ◆A few diehards are trying to stop the reforms.几名顽固分子企图阻止改革。◆diehard supporters of the exiled king被流放的国王的忠实支持者●drive a hard ˈbargainmake sure that you always gain an advantage in business deals, etc. 决意要在交易中占上风；拼命讨价还价◆I wouldn’t try to do business with Jack; he’s got the reputation of driving a hard bargain.我可不会与杰克做生意，他砍价狠是出了名的。●hard/hot on sb’s ˈheelsfollowing sb closely because you want to catch them 跟踪；追赶；紧随其后◆Jane has the most points at the moment, but the other competitors are hot on her heels.现在简得分最高，但是其他选手的分数和她咬得很紧。◆The police are hard on his heels.警察在严密跟踪他。●hit sb/sth ˈhardaffect sb/sth very badly 使…受到沉重打击◆The death of her daughter hit her very hard.女儿的死对她是个沉重的打击。 NOTE In the passive, we usually say ‘hard hit by’ instead of ‘hit hard by’. 在被动语态中通常说 hard hit by，不说 hit hard by：◆Pensioners have been particularly hard hit by the rise in heating costs.取暖费上涨对靠养老金生活的人打击尤其严重。 ●a hard/tough ˈnut (to ˈcrack) (informal) a very difficult problem to solve; a very difficult person to deal with 棘手的问题；难对付的人◆Persuading drivers to leave their cars at home and use public transport will be a very tough nut to crack.要说服有车族把汽车停在家中而使用公共交通工具是很伤脑筋的。◆You’ll find it difficult to make him change his mind. He’s a tough nut.你会发现很难说服他改变主意，他很难对付。●(caught/stuck) between a ˌrock and a ˈhard placein a situation where you have to choose between two things, both of which are unpleasant 左右为难；进退维谷◆The workers now feel that they are caught between a rock and a hard place. They don’t agree with the new terms and conditions, but if they go on strike they may lose their jobs altogether.工人们感觉现在陷入了进退两难的境地。他们不同意新的条款，可要是继续罢工，有可能大家都会失业。 |